117 





i -HATH i\. 



line \a\ dnwuding from A : 1, filhu. fill* ; 2, nepos, nptis ; 3. pro- 

 nejxv,i>ron<-pii; 4, aboept*. abnentis ; 6, ataepo*, atneptU ; S.trinepo*- 

 trine) til : all Mow 6 are included in the general name of " poateri or 

 * pottoriorea." 



In line (6), beginning with 8 and amending : 2, fratar, aoror ; 8, p- 



truua, aruita (uncle and aunt on the father's Hide) ; avunculus, inatcrten 



!. mother's); 4, {utniui magnus, amiU magna, avmi, ulu 



magnus, matertera magna; 5. propatruu*, proauiiU, proavunculu*, 



promatertcra ; 0, M>|utrmu. sKainita. nbovunculua. abinatertera. 



In ' . 8 and descending, the name* are, 3, 



md no on. 



. tx-giunroi; wi h 4 and ascending : 4, connobrinus, cons- 

 which are the general terras, but properly signify those born of two 

 niton (quad conaorurini); sons born of tv 



tailed fratre* patruelea; daughters, soi-ores patruelee : S. propior or 

 prior nobrino, propior mhriun. the sons and daughtera of the patnms 

 magnni, amiU tnagna, ftc. (See Tacit ' Annul.,' xii. 64.) 



Some of the Latin writer* used " nepos " to express a brother's or 

 abter'ason. 



It U unnecessary to go farther. (' Ingtitut,,' iiL tit. 6, ' Do Grad. 

 Cognationviin.') 



M !:. COURTS OF. All the Court* of Conscicnoe, 



of Request, ami other similar tribunals were abolished in 1846, 



\ in Viet, c. i<5, on the creation of the new County 



1 Col-UTS.] 



CONSCRIPTION is the name given to the mode of recruiting tlje 

 French army. Under the old monarchy the army was recruited chiefly 

 by voluntary enlistment, and the soldiers were taken mostly from the 

 peasantry, by whom the change from the condition of a daily labourer 

 to that of a soldier was considered as an improvement. The officers 

 were appointed from among the higher or educated classes. When the 

 revolution commenced the old army was broken up, the whole nation 

 was called to arms, and volunteers were found in abundance. But as 

 the soldiers were bound by no permanent obligation, a system of 

 requisition was enforced, by which every district was bound to furnish 

 a certain number of men for the regular army. But even this proved 

 insufficient, and the Executive Directory found itself in want of 

 soldier* to supply the numerous armies on the frontiers. In 1798, 

 General Jourdan presented to the Council of Five Hundred a project 

 of a law for a new mode of recruiting, under the name of conscription. 

 Thin project was approved by the legislature, and passed into a law 

 5th of September, 1798. After setting down as a principle that every 

 Frenchman is bound to defend his country when in danger, the law 

 went on to say, that independently of danger to the country, every 

 Frenchman from the age of twenty to twenty-five is liable to be called 

 out to serve in the regular army. Every year lists were made in every 

 department of the young men of the age above stated, divided into 

 five classes, the first being those between twenty and twenty-one years ; 

 the second from twenty-one to twenty-two ; and so forth. The number 

 of men required for that year being made known by the government, 

 and voted by the legislature, a distribution was made among the 

 department* and district* of the quota which each was to furnish. 

 The number required was then taken by lot from the first or junior 

 da**, and when that was exhausted from the second, and so on. This 

 operation was repeated every year. The first levy by conscription in 

 1 799 was '200,000 men. Bonaparte, when first consul, found the system 

 already established, and he applied himself strenuously to render it 

 more effective, and carry it to the utmost extent. 



By n n arti le of the Charte. in 1830, a new law of conscription was 

 provided. This law was promulgated 21st March, 1832, and it declares 

 that the army is be recruited only by voluntary engagement* and by 

 the " appel," which term signifies a choice by the drawing of lots 

 amongst the young men of each canton who have completed their 

 twentieth year during the year preceding. The following persons are 

 exempt from the " appel : " any orphan with younger brothers or 

 ulsters ; an only son or grandson, and the oldest sou or grandson of a 

 widow or blind father, or of a father above sixty, but if the eldest sou 

 or grandson in either of the last-mentioned cases i* blind or infirm, the 

 youngest U exempted. There are also some other exception-. :i- 

 peraons engaging in public instruction, or who are preparing for the 

 Church or the ministry in any religious denomination which is paid by 

 the state, also student* who have obtained certain prizes. There i* an 

 appeal to a council of revision for those who conceive that they ought 

 to have been exempted. The period of service is seven years, ! 

 who have drawn lot* which render them liable to serve may obtain a 

 substitute, who must be above twenty and not above thirty years of 

 age, or thirty-five if he ha* already served in the army, or i 

 eighteen and thirty if the brother of a person liable. Substitutes must 

 not be married, or widowers with children. A person under the age of 

 thirty cannot be admitted to any civil or military office unless he ha* 

 fulfilled the obligation* of the law of 21st March, 1832. Napoleon 

 admitted in principle the procuring of substitutes, and even defended 

 it in the Council of State, a* necessary " in the present state of 

 which was very different from that of Sjiartn or Rome;" but he after- 

 ward* surrounded it with so many difficulties, that substitute became 

 extremely scarce and expensive. 



In Prussia, all men able to bear arm* from twenty to twenty-five 

 belong to the standing army ; they serve three years, and ore then dis- 



charged for two years, during wliich they are liable to be called out a* 

 the reserve. All those who have nerved in the standing army i 

 to the Uiidwehr of the first bail, from the age of twenty-six to tlui ty- 

 two inclusive. Thin ban, in time of war, is liable to serve abi 

 well a* at home. It is called out every year to exercise. The second 

 ban is called out only in time of war, and include* all men cap 

 bearing anus till the age of thirty-nine. All oM.r men in for 

 belong to the landsturm. For an account of the Prussian military 

 system, see Laing'* ' Notes of a Traveller.' [MILITIA.] 



the act of bail. : 



holy, consists in the solemn a; .h'catiuii of anyth 



the service of the Deity. In in.-l.-in times the consecration of 

 usually called cn/i t in the cane of kings and buhouc. * hen 



the performance of the rite* of sanct. tic.it ion U still named eonoc. 

 When ;ippiiid to U-mples, churches, and altar*, it is genci 

 >-nt to advert to the religious m 



India. Ki;ypt. .lud.i .-.. < 'lialdsca, Greece, Borne, and i>i i iniid* 



in Britain ami Kurope in general, to show the antiquity of conse- 

 cration. At t!.-- commencement of the Mosaic dispensation all the 

 first-born of man and beast were consecrated to the Lord, tExodu* 

 ,lse.|iiently the whole tribe of Levi was thus conse- 

 crated instead of the first-born < NuniU-r- iii. 1'J. 4. r . ; viii. 1C,, 18) ; and 

 Aaron and his sons, who were I more especially consecrated 



to the priest's office. (Exodus xl. 13.) The dedication or const, 

 of the tabernacle and altar is described in the book of Numbers, 

 Of the dedication of the first or Solomon's Temple, a. i 

 given in 1 Kings viii. 5; and of the second temple in 

 Under the Jewish theocracy not only men .-UK! beasts were const 

 to the Lord, but houses, fields, and the walls of Jen: 

 xxvii. : Xehemiah xii. -7.) At the -commencement of the 4th ct-i 

 when Christianity, under Constantine, became the i- 

 of the Roman state, anil Christian temples began to vie in i 

 with those of the Pagan deities, they were consecrated with great 

 pomp ; for instance, the church of Jerusalem, built by < 



The following are the principal jiarto of the rite of couseci.i 

 church according to the Roman C.itholic pontifical 

 ceremony three crosses are painted on each wail of theclmn: 

 over each cross is placed a lighted candle. The bishop, in 1. 

 vestment*, proceeds to the church d- bis clergy r. 



the seven penitential psalms ; and after a solemn procession lonnd tin- 

 external walls, which are copiously sprinkled, in the name 

 Trinity, with a kind of brush dipped iu consecrated 

 knocks loudly at the door with his pastor.il si .11 the 



24th Psalm, " Attollite portas, et introil 

 deacon, who is within the church, replies, " Quis est 

 The bishop responds, " Dominus fortis et potens, Doniinua pot 



&c. ; tlien signing the door with the figure of the cross, he 

 exclaims, " Ecce crucis signum ! fugiant phantasmata t- 

 the admission of the bishop and clergy the ' Veni Creator ' is cli 



;i-s ore strewn on the floor in the form of a cross, in which the 

 bishop, with his staff, traces some alphabetical character*, 

 several prayers, the altar is consecrated by sprinkling it with a mixture 

 of water, wine, salt, and ashes, in the name of Jesus Christ. The 

 solemnity closes by depositing iu the altar a vessel containing 

 and incense, with a parchment inscribed with the name of the . 

 and the date of the consecration. Tho church on this occasion in 

 richly decorated, and the altar is illumined with a profusion of large 



(Broughton's 'Hist. Die.,' vol. i., p. :ill.) Churches .. 

 recognised as such by the law of England until they are consecrated by 

 a bishop. The form used by the Church of England is gi\ 

 in B.shop Gibson's ' Codex juris EC. nglicani,' pp. 



see also Jiishop Wilkins's ' Cm e Britannia;,' vol. iv., p. 668 ; 



and Burn's ' Eccles. Law, Churches,' sec. 2. The present foim has 

 been used since 1712; and in 17!'!* it wan adopted, with some slight 

 modification, by the Episcopal chur. h in America. One 

 cipal charges on which Archbishop Laud was arraigne.i 

 Commons was, that he endeavoured to revive the Roman Catholic 

 ceremonies in the consecration of churches and altars, with all their 

 costly furniture. Still the Protestant form of uoneecratic >n . as well as the 



1 'aiholic. inan im|iosing ceremony; and the 21 stat. Hemy VIII. 

 c. 13, states as the reason for allowing a bishop six clupl.ii:- 

 number is requisite for the consecrating of churches. The village 

 feasts which are still celebrated in many pan 

 on the anniversary day of the consecration of the i 

 are said to have been substituted by Pope Greg, 

 similar festivities appertaining to the Dnudieal re I 

 b. 8, c. 9.) Church-yards, when, as was usual, they adjoined Un- 

 church, were consecrated at the name i n. .- tin- eel 



f cemeteries they are consecrated separately, and n 

 unconsecrated for the use of dissenters from the rlmrch 

 Deacons and priests arc likev, entering on 



i. ee, and th. ordination, as it is 



therecalled, is given in the Prayer Hook. Consecration is g. nei.ii.y un- 

 derstood to i-l consecrated, but merely 

 the a*. ii the Roman Catholics appear 



