CORONATION. 



generally of the tr. r : ing from continued pressure orer a projecting 

 of bone. While superficial. corn U moveaMe, and retains 

 Uif lnurlUtcd structure of the cuticle ; afterwards it acquires a base, 

 attaches itself more firmly to the subjacent parU, and becomes a com- 

 plete C.TH " A buna or bag of ^vnorU! membrane, similar to those 

 burs* which are of original formation, but of very small size, U funned 

 between the thickened cuticle and the cuti; it is this combiii 

 thickened cuticle with a subjacent burn which constitutes a perfect 

 corn." Corns are either hard and dry, which is the case wh. 

 are situated externally ; or they are soft, when situated between the 

 toes. The inconvenience* arising from corns are generally slight; 

 sometimes they are very serious. The buna under a hard corn is apt 

 to suppurate, and the inflammation, pain, and irritation, are excessive. 

 or improperly -shaped shoes being the primary cause of corns, 

 ihoca or boou fashioned to the natural shape of the foot must be worn, 

 and the material of which they are formed should be soft and pliant. 

 To avoid pressure upon a corn already exiating, a portion of leather 

 spread with diachylon or other emollient plaster having a hole in it 

 corresponding with the size of the corn may be worn ; or if the outer 

 portion of the corn, which is quite insensible, be pared or scraped 

 way. temporary relief is obtained. For a corn which has become very 

 sensible, the application of lunar caustic or concentrated nitric acid is 

 necessary ; if there be reason to suspect the existence of an inflamed 

 buna containing pas, the outer portion must be cut away with the 

 nealpel, and the bursa freely laid open, so that the matter may escape, 

 which will give great relief. If a soft corn become very sensible, at H 

 often does, without an abscess existing beneath, concentrated nitric 

 acid should be applied. Bunions differ from corns, inasmuch as the 

 part affected is generally of greater extent ; a bursa is always connected 

 with them, and when inflamed, serum is secreted, which, if pressure 

 and all causes of irritation be avoided, is again speedily absorbed. If 

 the bursa be much inflamed, leeches and fomentations are necessary ; 

 and should pus have formed, it must be let out. If the abscess do not 

 speedily heal, nitric acid should be carefully applied to its inner sur- 

 face. Extirpation of corns has been recommended, but it is not free 

 from danger, and should never be attempted except by a very skilful 

 and dexterous pcrsou. A wound or laceration of the tendons or 

 fibrous structures around the joints, U sometimes followed by the 

 most alarming symptoms, even by tetanus and death. Amputation of 

 the toe has been practised. (See Sir B. Brodie's excellent Lecture on 

 Corns and Bunions, ' Medical Gazette,' February 18th, 1836.) 



CORM'CO'PIA, or CORNU-COPLB, the horn of plenty, fabled 

 to have had its origin in the infant days of Jupiter ; it was tilled with 

 the fruits of the earth, and was endowed with the property of always 

 becoming spontaneously furaUhed with a new supply. Ovid, in his 

 'Fasti' (lib. v. 115-128), tells us that one of the goats of Amalthea, 

 who nursed Jupiter in Crete, broke off its horn against a tree, when 

 the nymph, having wreathed it with flowers and filled it with fruit, 

 presented it to the god. Jupiter, when he came into power, called his 

 nurse t the skies, and made the horn the emblem of fertility. The 

 Greeks called it ntpit 'A/iaA8lai, (A; horn of A malthea. In his ' Meta- 

 morphoses ' (lib. ix. v. 82, IK.), Ovid derives the origin of the Cornucopia 

 from a different fable. Be speaks of it as the horn of the river-god 

 Acheloiu, broken off by Hercules, and consecrated by the Naiads : 



" KaTiie* hoc, pom is et odoro florc replelnm, 

 Sacra root." 



The Cornucopia was the proper symbol of Tyche or Fortune, but it 

 was also carried by the several leaser deities of the Romans who pre- 

 sided over the needi and destinies of the people, In representations 

 of the deities the cornucopia usually rests on the left arm. Only three 

 or four statues of Roman goddesses are known which have the original 

 cornucopia; remaining ; of these one is in the Museum of the Vatican, 

 another in that of Dresden, and a third in the Museum at >.(!.-. 

 Statues of Roman empresses bearing cornucopia; are, however, not 

 uncommon. On Roman or Grace-Roman relievi goddesses are often 

 represented with cornucopia}. Cornucopia arc also often figure 1 on 

 TIMS in the hands of both male and female deities; they occur like- 

 wise very frequently in the type* of ancient coins, particularly upon 

 those of Sicily. 



The beautiful medal of Arsinoii, wife and minter of Ptolemy II. 

 Philadelphia, Greek king of Egypt, given iu the article ABSlNott, in 

 the Bioo. Div., has a cornucopia on the reverse. 



COROLLARY (Corolla, a little crown,") is frequently used for 

 any necessary consequence of a proposition ; but technically applied iu 

 geometry, it means a consequence which immediately follows from the 

 demonstration of a proposition, without the necessity of introducing 

 any other proposition. But all the corollaries in nui editions of Kuclid 

 are annexed by editor*, none of them being in the original. Those of 

 book i . prop. 82, were added by Campanus; but the first use of the 

 word which we know of is in the English translation bv Billiiumler 



COR'i'NA. [Culm-..] 



COUO'XA BoREA'LlS AND AUSTRA'LIS, the northern and 

 southern crowns. The first U a northern constellation, found in 

 Aratns, who says it was formed by Bacchus in memory nf Ariadne 

 It u situated between Bootes and Hercules, and the bright star of its 

 clatter (narked a) may be seen about an hour eastward of Arcturus, 

 and about eight degrees nearer to the pole. Corona Australia is a 



southern oonstellatinn, first found in Ptolemy. It is situated between 

 the front legs of Cenlaurus. 

 The following are UM principal stars in CV a Borrallt. 



Ho. In rt ilojrur 



No. In CaUlofae of BrliUh 



Chintter. ofFUiutesd. AjsoeUtloa. Mtfnltnilf. 



I 6098 4 



04 4 



a 5 fiHS '2 



10 



244 



There are no bright stars in Corona AutlraHt. 



CORONATION, the act of crowning or consecrating a king. This 

 rite U of remote antiquity, as may be gathered from the notices which 

 we have in Scripture, in the first and second book 

 coronations of Solomon, and of Joash the son of Alt:' 

 of whom it is expressly said that Jehoiada the priest took him, | 

 crown upon bis head, and gave him the testimony, an<l ih 

 king, and anointed him. The act of anointing seems to have originated 

 with the Jews. 



In England, after the kingdoms of i -,-hy had become 



united, we find the ceremony of coronation continually allu<. 

 in the Saxon Chronicle, under the term xelislzpr>, by which is expressed 

 that the king was hallowed or consecrated. Kingston upon Thames 

 was the place where the Saxon sovereigns were crowned during 

 nearly the whole of the 10th century. (See Diceto nnd the 

 historians in the ' Decem Soriptores.') Edgar, who succeeded t 

 throne in 959, is said to have been crowned cither at Kingston 

 Bath. Edward the Confessor was crowned at Winche.-- 

 The copy of the Gospels upon which the Saxon kings were sworn at 

 their coronations is believed to be still preserved amonr 

 Ionian Manuscripts in the British Museum, in the volume Tib. A ii. 

 Harold and William the Conqueror were crowned at Wetminst. 

 was customary with the Norman kings to be crowned more than 

 Henry II. crowned his eldest son, and associated him with himself in 

 the administration during his own life. 



In one or two instances, in the Norman times, we find the regnal 

 years of our kings dated from their coronations only ; the previous 

 time, between the predecessor's death and the performance of the 

 inaugural ceremony, was considered as an interregnum. This is a 

 fact of no small importance to those who would accurately fix the 

 dates of public instrument* and transactions in the reigns of liiehard I., 

 John, and their successors. 



The first English corouation of which we have any detailed ar 

 is that of Richard I., in the Histories of Diceto and Bromton. 

 Twysd., ' Script.' x. coll. 647, 1157.) An account of all the formalities 

 observed at that of Richard II., taken fi- Kolls,' is to be 



found in Rymer's ' Foxlera,' the old edition, vol. vii. p. 15". Froissart 

 has given a short but interesting narrative of the coron.iti.iii of llniry 

 IV., which the reader may see in in the English edition of his 

 ' Chronicle,' by Ix>rd Berners, 4to., London, 1812, vol. ii., pp. 75:: 

 The details of the English coronations of Henry V. and VI.. nnd i.f the 

 n France, are contained in the Cottonian Manuscripts, Tib. E. 

 viii. and Nero C. ix. Hall and Graf ton have described the ceremonies 

 at the coronation of Hich.-ird III. The account of the coronation of 

 Henry VIII., with the king's oath prefixed, interlined and altered with 

 his own hand, is likewise preserved in the Cottonian Manuscript 

 already mentioned, Tib. E. viii. The oath, with its interlineations, is 

 engraved in fac-simile in the first volume of the second series of Ellis'a 

 ' Original Letters illustrative of English History.' Fuller, in his ' Church 

 History,' and Ellis's ' Letters,' 1st Ser., vol. iii. p 213, detail the par- 

 ticulars of the coronation of Charles I. Several editions of the Form 

 and Order of Charles II.'s coronation at Scone in 1651 were )>ui 

 at the time in 4to, at Aberdeen; reprinted at London in folio, 1660; 

 and the entertainment of Charles II. in his passage through LOT 

 his coronation, with a narrative of the ceremony at the ooron.-itii'ii. by 

 John Ogilby, with plates hy Hollar. t"l.. London, Ifi02. Sandford's 

 ' History of the Coronation of James II.,' fol, London, 1687, illus- 

 trated with very numerous engravings, is the most complete of all our 

 works r.|ui English coronations published by authority. That of 

 George IV. .of which two portions only appeared, was far more splendid, 

 with coloured plates, but remains unfinished. In thin work the oath 

 taken by the sovereign on his or her coronation is given at length. 



A very ancient MS. of the ceremonial of crowning the emperors at 

 Aix-la-Chapelle was purchased at the last sale of Prince T.illeyr.md'* 

 libraries, by Mrs. Banks, and is now among the additional manuscript! 

 in the British Museum. Of foreign published e 

 Charles V. at Bologna as emperor, in 1530, is one of the most o 

 engraved iu a succession of plates upon a roll of considerable 1 

 The ' Sacre de Louis XV., Roy de France et de Navarre, dans I'EgliM 

 de Reims, 25 Oct. 1722,' is a work of ]< full of 



finished engravings. The ' Description of the Ceremonies .-. 



tion of Napoleon as I 



Josephine, 2 Dec. 1804,' is a work of equal size, but the engraving! are 

 chi.-lly in outline: folio. Paris, 1807. There is a volun. 

 graving*, of the coronal!. inpress Anne of Russia, iol . Peters- 



burg, 1731 ; and many others nihht be enumerated. 



The formulary which has served for the general model for the 



