DIVINITY. 



I'lVISION OK EMPLOYMENTS. 



with a 



grot* approex* to 



IBMMI sp Jilt's iidrnsthls>|,liiiHsil; o*tB|t previously ounmuwcu, 

 awl Ud about in various diraetioM. Tb* power, wbtvr it might be, 



locality at 

 he b*i>ft previously HlimUoML 



t conined to a Mere SJM< of wator, but extended. it 

 U> a to- or hidden waterotwrs*. Adam*. it is as.eru.1. found that 

 copper and iron wira MWOMdad with him nearly a. well Ma haul 



Scientific asa, almost without excwpUoB, regard the asserted power 

 as a fraud or a delusion. Devonshire and Cornwall par* *touUy 

 assert its reality. M. rh.vnml. in an essay pul4ished in 1S54, 

 De k BfcguHte l>mnat..irr. <iu Pendule Kmioratour, et das 



. 



Table* Tburoutos, au point do rue do fHistoire, de la Critique, et 

 <*. la Method. KrperiMts**; classes the divining rod with tabU- 

 !. as being the performances of persona who deceive them- 

 selves, but do not knowingly or wilfully deceive other*. If w look 

 at the old practice of divination by Bible and Key, we should 

 probably SM that all net on the name basis. Supposing property to 

 ha been staled, a key wae placed in a Bible, at the 1st chapter of 

 Ruih. or the ll'Ui of Proverbs, or the 50th Psalm ; the main body of 

 the key was tied tightly in the book, and the projecting loop or handle 

 was hung loosely on a finger ; the experimenter repeated the name* 

 of soapKUd person., together with portions of the said chapters ; and 

 when the real thief was named, the key was said to fall off the finger. 

 In Eusabe de Salle's 'Peregrinations en Orient; published iu IM. 

 the author describes a scene which he witnessed at the house . i i !i. 

 |tifllih Comtul at Aleppo, between an English lady and a Syrian 

 Christian : a dispute arose whether she had received some jewellery 

 from an Aleppo jeweller ; she tried the Bible and Key test, and found 

 it tell against herself ; whereupon he left the room directly, made a 

 essrnh. and found the jewels in a drawer. 



The subject has lately been a good deal discussed. The prevailing 

 ji^im among those who would dinpasdonaU'ly apply wientific teato, 

 appears to he that the whole in an example of the phenomenon of 

 H, or the effect of dominant impression on the mind, 



acting MfMOTMCiovab upon and through the nerves and muscles. 



KIT.] 



1HVIS1IUI.1TY. WVIsolt. Any number or fraction admits of 

 n by any other, in the extended arithmetical sense which con- 

 siders part* of a time as well as times. Thus 12 contains S a time and 

 half a time, or 12 divided by 8 gives 1J. The adjective diritiUt is 

 evertheleae applied, not to any number as compared with any other, 

 hut only as compared with such numbers as are contained a whole 

 number of times in the drat. Thus 12 it said to be divisible by 6, 

 and is said to be not divisible by 8. Or, both in arithmetic and 

 algebra, divisible means " divisible without introducing fractions into 

 the result." 



The number of divisors which any number admits of is found as 

 follows. Ascertain every prime number which will divide the given 

 number, and how many successive times it will do so. Add one to 

 each of these numbers of times, and multiply the results together. 

 Thus, the number 960 is made by multiplying together 2, 2, 2, 8, 8, 5; 

 or is divisible by 2 three times (3 + 1 = 4), by 8 twice (2 + 1 = 3), and 

 by 5 once (1 + 1 = 2). And 4 x 8 x 2 = 24, the number of divisors which 

 MO admits of. But among the 24 divisor* are included 1 ami 



UIVISlllII.ITY OK MATTER. Every substance with which we 

 are acquainted admits of being divided into parts, and each of these 

 may be repeatedly subdivided. Indeed no limit has been assigned to 

 this piocess of continual fmlli\i.-i<>n, although it is probable from 

 chemical reasoning, that the ultimate elements of matter are indivi- 

 sible and unalterable, whence they are called atom*. [ATOMIC Tui:uuv.] 

 We know nothing of the absolute size of these atoms, except that they 

 cannot exceed certain magnitudes which may be calculated, but ol 

 their extreme 'minuteness we can form no correct idea. The following 

 example from Tomlinson's ' Introduction to the Study of Natural 

 Philosophy ' will show how vain figures sometimes are to give adequate 

 ideas of truth. It can be proved by geometrical reasoning, invented 

 by Sir Isaac Newton, that "a film of soapy water will, if carefully 

 protected from all disturbance, hold together until it has been reduced 

 by draining to the thickness of less than a 2,000,000th of an inch. 

 Pare water will not hold together in this way, but the admixture ol 

 Ins than the hundredth of its bulk of soap will confer this property on 

 the whole of the water. Now, in order to produce this effect, it is 

 evident that there must be a portion of soap (at least one atom) in 

 every cubic 2,000,000th of an inch of the solution. But the soap 

 when dry, occupies less than 100th of tin- bulk of the solution 

 Therefore a dingle atom of soap, in the solid state, cannot possibly 

 occupy so much as the hundredth of a cubic 2,000,000th of an inch 

 that if, nut IK. much as a 1,757 trillionth (1,757,000,000,000," 

 000th) of a cubic inch." lu the same work an example is given in 

 which I >r. Thomson, the chemist, shows that an atom of lead cannol 



eigh 



tha 



of a grain, while the atom of sulphur by 



which the lead is made viable cannot weigh more than 



of a grain. 



Writers on natural philosophy are accustomed to excite the astonish 

 meat of thsir readers by details respecting the divisibility of gold, the 

 enduring scant ol musk, the minuteness of the blood discs, tho attenu 



atod hot complicated structure of the spiders thread, the thousands of 

 ufusoria which might swim side by side through the eye of a needle, 

 V. . but such detail* as these are of very little use except to prove 

 what we already abundantly know, that masUr is divisible, and that 

 the limit of that divisibility has not been defined, even supposing the 

 ihilosopher to have powers adequate to the definition. 



MVIsloN, the process of ascertaining how many times and part* 

 of time* one number is contained in another. The usual arithmetical 

 rule consist* in a continual approximation to the result required. We 

 write underneath,!, the common process ; 2, that of which it is an 

 abbreviation ; 3, a short summary of the rational?. 



8)23475(2000 

 16000 900 



8)'->3475(2934| 

 18_ 



74 



27 

 24_ 



33 



The whole contains a number as often as all its part* put together 

 contain that number: and 28 meaning 23,000, and 16 being the 

 lighest multiple of 8 below 23, then the 16,000, which is part of 

 23,000, contains 2000 eights, and it is left to be seen how often the 

 remaining 7000, and the 475 (making 7475) contain 8. The 74 is 

 7400, and 9 times 8 being 72, the 7200 which is part of 7400, contains 

 900 eights, and it is left to be seen how often the remaining 200 with 

 the 75 (making 275) contains 8. The 27 is 270, of which the part 240 

 contains 30 eights, and the remaining 30 together with the 5 (making 

 35) is left. Of this, 32 contains 4 eights, and the remaining 3 does 

 not contain 8 so much as one time, but the eighth part of 3 units is 

 three times the eighth part of a unit, or ) : whence the answer. 



In finding how many times, or parts of times, one fraction is con- 

 tained in another, the following principle is applied. If two numbers 

 or fractions be multiplied by any number, the number of times, or 

 parts of times, which the first contains the second, is not altered. 

 Thus 7 contains 2 just as 14 contains 4, or as 21 contains 6, A 

 then we take two fractions, such as f and ft, it follows that J contains 

 ft just as 77 times } contains 77 times ft, or as 33 contains 14 : that is, 

 2 times and of a time. This may easily be shown to give tho com- 

 mon rule. 



The division of one decimal fraction by another presents a dill: 

 slight indeed, but quite sufficient to prevent most persons from be- 

 coming expert in the use of tables. The rules given are freij 

 incomplete, and always such as would render even a practised 

 computer liable to mistake. The question is how to place the 

 decimal point rightly iu the result, and this may be best done a 

 follows : 



1. Alter the dividend or divisor by annexing ciphers, until both 

 have the same number of decimal places. This being done 



2. Annex as many ciphers to the dividend, or take away as many 

 from the divisor (or partly one and partly the other) as there are to be 

 decimal places iu the result : then divide as in whole numbers, and 

 mark off the given number of decimal places. 



Example I. Find out, to three decimal places, how ofteu '076 is 

 contained in 32-1. 



First step : -076 and 32-100. 

 Second step : '076 and 32-100000. 



76)321 00000(422368- reiu. 32. 

 Answer. 422-S6& 



Example II. Kind out, to 7 decimal places, how often (what frue 

 tiou of a time) 236-5 is contained in '001. 



First step : 286-500 and -001. 



Second step : 280-5 and -00100000; namely, too ciphers struck 

 off the divisor and jfre annexed to the dividend (making men). 



2865)100000(42-rcm. 670. 

 Answer. -OOOn 



Iu making complicated divisions, it is much the shortest plan, and 

 very much the safest, to begin by forming the first nine multiples of 

 the divisor by continued addition (forming the tenth for proof). 



DIVISION OK EMPLOYMENTS, in political economy, is on 

 important agent in increasing the productiveness of labour. It is by 

 labour alone that wealth is produced. It is a law of man's nature, that 

 "by the sweat of his face he shall eat bread ; " and in return for his 

 labour he acquires various sources of enjoyment The ingenuity with 

 which he has been endowed, and the hard necessities of his condition, 

 in to discover the most effective means of applying hit labour to 

 whatever objects he may be seeking to attain. He desires, firnt, to 

 work no more than is necessary ; and secondly, to obtain the largest 

 return the most abundant enjoyment, for his industry. He soon finds 

 that his own unaided labour will scarcely provide for him tho barest 

 necessaries, and that ease or enjoyment is unattainable. Thus, instead 

 of each mau labouring separately and independently of all others, many 



