893 



ENLISTMENT. 



ENOCH. 



894 



The practice of impressing men to serve as soldiers, on sudden 

 emergencies, was formerly very common in England ; and it is well 

 known that young men were entrapped and secretly conveyed away to 

 recruit the armies employed in the east. The discovery of this illegal 

 and disgraceful method of obtaining soldiers was speedily followed by 

 its abolition ; and now, the Indian army, like her Majesty's other 

 forces, is recruited by voluntary engagement. 



e. The number of young men who are induced to enlist by the ambi- 

 tion of entering upon a course of life which appears to hold out a 

 prospect of distinguishing themselves by gallant achievements in the 

 field is, however, too small for the wants of the military service ; and 

 the allurement of a bounty must necessarily be presented in order 

 that the ranks of the army may be filled. But the profession of a 

 soldier can never possess such advantages as might induce an indus- 

 trious man who can obtain a subsistence in another way to embrace 

 it ; and it is to be regretted that too frequently those who enter the 

 service are thoughtless youths or men of indolent habits or desperate 

 fortunes. Some attention, however, to the character of a person 

 offering himself for enlistment is necessary if it be desired to render 

 the service honourable : for it is found that idle and dissipated men 

 are with difficulty brought to submit to the necessary restraints of 

 discipline ; their frequent desertions entail heavy losses on the govern- 

 ment, and they often corrupt those who are compelled to associate 

 with them. \Vhen circumstances render it necessary to enlist such 

 men, it is obvious that they ought to be distributed in small numbers 

 among different regiments, and quartered in places remote from thoae 

 from which they were taken. 



By the Mutiny Act it is declared that every person who has received 

 enlisting money, knowing it to be such, from any military man employed 

 in the recruiting service is to be deemed to be enlisted as a soldier ; 

 but within forty-eight hours, and not sooner than twenty-four hours 

 afterwards (any intervening Sunday, Christmas-day, or Good Friday 

 not included), notice is to be given to the recruit, or left at his place of 

 abode, of hi having so enlisted ; and again, ninety-six hours (any 

 intervening Sunday, Christmas-clay, or Good Friday not included), but 

 not sooner than twenty-four hours, from the time of receiving the 

 money, the recruit, attended by any person employed as aforesaid, is to 

 appear before a magistrate (not being a military man), when, if he 

 declare that he has voluntarily enlisted, the magistrate is to question 

 him concerning his name, age, and condition, and physical capacity to 

 serve, and particularly to inquire of him whether he is then serving, or 

 whether he have ever served, in the army or navy. The magistrate is 

 then to read to the recruit the articles of war relating to mutiny and 

 desertion, and administer to him an oath of allegiance, of which a form 

 is given in a schedule to the Act ; if the recruit refuse to take the oath, 

 he may be imprisoned till he do so. 



But as the young and simple have been sometimes inveigled by 

 illusory promises, or persuaded, while deprived of judgment by intoxi- 

 cation, to enlist, if a recniit, on reflection, wish to withdraw from the 

 engagement into which he may have been surprised, it is provided by 

 the Mutiny Act that when taken before the magistrate as above he 

 ahall be at liberty to declare his dissent from such enlistment ; and on 

 making this declaration and returning the enlisting-money, with 20s. 

 an imart-money, and all pay received by him as a recruit, he shall be 

 forthwith discharged. But if he omit within twenty-four hours after 

 declaring his dissent to pay such money, he is to be considered as 

 enlisted, as if he had given his assent before the magistrate. 



If a recruit, after receiving the enlistment-money, and, after notice 

 of having enlisted has been left a't his place of abode, shall abscond, he 

 may be apprehended and punished as a deserter, or for being absent 

 without leave ; and if it be discovered that he is unfit for active service, 

 in consequence of any infirmity which he had not declared before the 

 magistrate, he may be transferred to any garrison, or veteran or invalid 

 battalion, though he may have enlisted for some particular regiment. 

 If it be proved that the recniit concealed the fact of his being a dis- 

 charged soldier, or any infirmity which incapacitates him for the 

 service, or made any false representation, he may be sentenced to suffer 

 punishment as a rogue and vagabond ; and if in consequence of false 

 representations he shall have obtained enlisting money, or bounty, he 

 may be prosecuted for obtaining money under false pretences, or in 

 Scotland for falsehood, fraud, and wilful imposition ; and if, at the 

 time of enlisting, he falsely denied being in the militia, if a volunteer, 

 he may be committed to the House of Correction for any time not 

 exceeding fourteen days, and if a substitute or balloted man, for any 

 period not exceeding six months; and, from the day in which his 

 engagement to serve in the militia ends, he is to be deemed a soldier in 

 the regular forces. 



An apprentice who shall enlist, denying himself to be such, is deemed 

 guilty of obtaining money under false pretences ; and, after the expi- 

 ration of hi* apprenticeship, he is liable to serve in her Majesty's forces ; 

 but a matter in not entitled to claim an apprentice who may have 

 enlisted unless the claim be made within one month after the appren- 

 tice shall have left his service, and unless the apprentice shall have 

 been bound in England ( when not above fourteen years of age) for 

 even years, or in Ireland and the British Isles (when not above sixteen) 

 for five yean, or in Scotland by regular contract or indenture for four 

 years. 



In the Mutiny Act it is also enacted that no man enlisted as a soldier 



is liable to be arrested on account of any process for leaving any rela- 

 tion or child chargeable to a parish, or on account of any engagement 

 to work for an employer (except that of an apprenticeship), or on 

 account of any debt under SOI. It is enacted that all negroes or 

 persons of colour, although not born within the possessions of the crown, 

 who shall voluntarily enlist, and all negroes purchased for the crown 

 previous to the abolition of slavery, aud all negroes seized and con- 

 demned as prize under the slave trade Acts and appointed to serve ill 

 the army, shall while serving be deemed to be soldiers legally enlisted, 

 and be entitled to all the privileges of natural born subjects. Every 

 military officer acting contrary to the provisions of the Mutiny Act, in 

 what regards enlisting recruits, is liable to be cashiered. 



During the reign of Queen Anne it was the custom to enlist recruits 

 for three years ; but this period seems too short, considering the time 

 unavoidably spent in training the men, to afford the government an 

 advantage adequate to the expense of maintaining them ; and the 

 practice which afterwards obtained of enlisting for an unlimited period 

 was deemed by parliament to be impolitic. It was therefore enacted 

 by the 10 11 Viet. c. 37, that no person should be enlisted for the 

 British army or the Indian army to serve in the infantry for a longer 

 period than ten years ; or in the cavalry, artillery, or ordnance corps, 

 for more than twelve years ; reckoning from the day of attestation, or 

 on which the recruit shall attain the age of eighteen, whichever is 

 latest, subject however to any order in council shortening such period 

 by virtue of a temporary Act subsequently passed. 



The advantages of a limited period of service are, that a greater 

 number of recruits are obtained under that condition, probably because 

 men are more willing to engage themselves for a certain number of 

 years than for life; and that, during the period, opportunities are 

 afforded of discovering the character of a man. Should this be such as 

 to render it not advisable to retaiu him, he may be discharged at the 

 end of his time of service ; while an additional bounty, strengthened by 

 the unwillingness of most men to leave the comrades with whom they 

 have been long accustomed to associate, will probably induce a good 

 soldier to re-enlist should the continuance of his services be desired. 



By the 5 & 6 Will. IV. c. 24, aud the 16 & 17 Viet. c. 69, together 

 with certain orders in council approving and confirming the re- 

 commendations of the Board of Admiralty, a man may enter himself 

 on the books of the Uoyal Navy for a period of five years, or with 

 increased pay and other advantages for continuous and general service 

 during ten years, after which he is entitled to his discharge, and to be 

 sent home if abroad, unless the commanding officer should consider 

 his discharge detrimental to the service. Such officer is in that case 

 empowered to detain the man six mouths longer, or until the emergency 

 shall cease, and the man so detained is entitled to twopence a day in 

 addition to the pay of his rating. The crown is empowered to require 

 by proclamation any one in the navy to continue to serve for any time 

 not exceeding five years after the expiration of his period of service ; 

 but the man so detained is entitled to any bounty offered by the 

 proclamation. 



The period of enlistment in the Marines is determined by the 

 10 & 11 Viet. c. 63 to be twelve years, subject to any reduction of that 

 period to be made by order of the Board of Admiralty, in pursuance of 

 the 20 Viet. c. 1. The Board of Admiralty are also empowered by the 

 16 17 Viet. c. 73 to raise a body not exceeding 10,000 men to be 

 called the " Naval Coast Volunteers," to be enlisted for five years, to 

 be out for training either on shore or shipboard twenty-eight days in 

 each year, and to be liable in case of imminent national danger to be 

 called into active service by royal proclamation ; and by the 22 & 23 

 Viet. c. 40, to raise a reserve force of 30,000 men, to be called the 

 Royal Naval Volunteers, subject to similar conditions and liable to 

 similar services. The coast-guard as previously constituted, and 

 capable of being increased to 10,000 men, has also been placed under 

 the control of the Admiralty, and made subject to similar discipline 

 to that which prevails on board the Koyal Navy. 



By the 59 Geo. III. c. 69 it is made a misdemeanor, and punishable 

 accordingly, for any British subject to enlist, or consent to be enlisted, 

 to serve in any foreign army or navy. 



ENOCH, the Book of, is one of the Hebrew Scriptures which, with 

 several others, were designated Apocryphal. [APOCRYPHA.] During 

 the apostolic age the book of Enoch was commonly read by Jews 

 and Christians, St. Jude, in his catholic epistle, cites it as the work 

 of a divine prophet (" Enoch the seventh from Adam prophesied, 

 saying," &c., v. 14, 15), so Tertullian (' De Iclolatria') refers it to the 

 inspiration of the Holy Spirit : however, in another treatise (' De 

 Cultu Fcerninarurn ') he states that by some it was not received. 

 Irenscus, Jerome, and other fathers, respectfully notice it, though not 

 as canonical ; and Origen (' contra Celsum,' lib. v.) observes that, in 

 his time, it was not of great authority in the churches. In the 

 Testament of the Twelve Patriarchs, translated by Robert Grost- 

 head, bishop of Lincoln, the sons of Jacob speak often of reading in 

 the book of Enoch. It was extant among Christian writers uutil the 

 8th century, when it appears to have been lost. Several fragments, 

 however, remained, which, with a few citations collected from the 

 fathers and succeeding writers, supplied the only data for the critical 

 discussions of learned divines during several centuries. All these 

 relics, amounting to about 20, are inserted in the ' Codex Pseudopi- 

 graphus Vet. Test.' of Fabricius, torn. i. p. 160-224. 



