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ENROLMENT. 



ENTERITIS. 



At the end of the 18th century Bruce brought from Abyssinia three 

 complete and beautiful copies of the book of Enoch, in the Ethipii- 

 language, one of which he presented to the Biblioth&mie du Koi at 

 Pan*, and another to the Bodleian Library at Oxford. Transcriptions 

 and partial translations into Latin were made by Dr. Woide of Oxford 

 and Dr. Oeaenius of Halle ; but the Kthii>ic MS., which at first ex- 

 cited much curiosity, lay undisturbed during more than a quarter of a 

 century, until the profcmor of Hebrew at Oxford, Dr. Lawrence, 

 broke in, as he informs us, upon iu repose, and published in 1826 an 

 English Tendon of the whole, entitled 'The Book of Enoch the 

 Prophet, supposed for agesjto be lost ; translated from on Ethiopic MS. 

 by the Her. Richard Lawrence, LL.D., archbishop of CasheL' A 

 second sad revised edition appeared in 18S3. That this book is 

 identical with that which, in the primitive ages of Christianity, was 

 cited by Jude and the fathers, is considered by Dr. Lawrence to be 

 completely evident. His critical prolegomena and notes are incor- 

 porated in a more recent translation into German, which ia accom- 

 panied with a much larger mass of learned researches, forming two 

 thick volumes 8vo. (' Das Buch Henoch, in vollstiimliger ubersetzung 

 mil fortiiiufenden Commentar, ausfuhrlicher einleitung, und erlautern- 

 den excursen, von Andreas Gottlieb Hoffmann, Doct. Philos. Profess. 

 Theol. an der Univers. zu Jena,' 1838.) As the allegorical statements 

 of the book, as far as any meaning is clearly assignable, appear to relate 

 to historical events which extend to the time of Herod the Great, it is 

 supposed by those who reject the supposition of its being the ante- 

 diluvian production of Enoch himself that it was anonymously written 

 in Hebrew, shortly before the commencement of the Christian era. 

 (Scaliger and Lawrence.) The subject matter consists chiefly of 

 relations of Enoch's prophetical and celestial visions, in the most 

 remarkable of which the angel Uriel (Ixx. et seq.) shows to the prophet 

 all the mysterious scenes in heaven, including a survey and explana- 

 tion of the solar and lunar revolutions according to the ancient astro- 

 logical theory. A view is also exhibited of the interior of hell. 

 Occasionally religious and moral precepts are enjoined, but all sense of 

 propriety ia continually shocked with such preposterous combinations 

 that Scaliger, judging merely from the fragments then possessed, 

 scrupled not to designate the book as a tissue of disgusting lies and 

 nonsense. (' Scaligeriana.') It commences with some historical 

 statements, of which the following, from chap. 7, is a specimen : " To 

 the sons of men were bom elegant and beautiful daughters, and when 

 the angels, the sons of heaven, beheld them, they became enamoured 

 of them, saying to each other, ' Come, let us select wives for our- 

 selves and beget children.' " Accordingly a band of 200 angels 

 having descended on Mount Arnon, and sworn to accomplish this 

 project, " they then took wives, each choosing for himself ; with whom 

 they cohabited, teaching them sorcery and incantations ; and the 

 women conceiving, brought forth giants, whose stature was each three 

 hundred cubits (450 feet) : these, when they had devoured all the 

 produce of man's labour, began to devour men, birds, beasts, and 

 fishes, eating their flesh and drinking their blood." In representing 

 persons and events by animals and inanimate objects of nature, com- 

 binations are introduced of such a monstrous nature, that, in com- 

 parison, the metamorphoses of the Pagan mythologies appear to be 

 rational. The history of the prophet to whom this book is attributed, 

 or rather whose visions it relates, is briefly recounted as follows, in 

 Genesis v. 18-24 : Jared at the age of 162 begat Enoch, who at the 

 age of 65 begat Methuselah, and afterwards walked with God 300 

 years, and begat sons and daughters. All the days of Enoch were 

 365 years; he walked with God, and was not, for God took him. 

 (Compare Ecclesiasticus xliv. 16 ; Heb. xii. 5.) From the fact of his 

 being the seventh from Adam, from the number of the years of his 

 age being precisely the number of days in the year, and from several 

 other points of curious coincidence, the sceptical Beulanger asserts, in 

 a learned treatise on the subject (' Enoch,' in ' OEuvres Diverses '), that 

 the name is but a variation of the Phrygian Annac, a symbolical per- 

 F'lnilication in Sabism, representing the solar period; and identical 

 with the Oriental Anusch, the Phoenician Anac or Enac, the Etruscan 

 Aniin, and the Latin Janus. 



ENROLMENT, in law, is the registering, recording, or entering a 

 deed, judgment, recognizance, acknowledgment, &c., in Chancery or in 

 some other court having authority to receive such enrolments. The 

 enrolling does not make a deed a record, though it thereby becomes a 

 deed recorded ; for there is a difference between a matter of record and 

 a thing recorded to be kept in memory ; a record being the entry of 

 judicial proceedings in a court of record ; whereas an enrolment of a 

 deed is the private act of the parties concerned, of which the court 

 takes no judicial notice. Various statutes have directed instruments 

 to be enrolled, the best known of which is the 27th Henry VIII. c. 16, 

 relating to deeds of bargain and sale of freehold lands. The registration 

 of bills of sale [BILL or SALE] is of the nature of an enrolment, although 

 every registration of a deed is not. Thus deeds relating to property in 

 the counties of York and Middlesex are registered in the registrar- 

 omces there established by statute : they are not enrolled. 



ENSIGN, a commissioned officer, the lowest in degree, and imme- 

 diately subordinate to the lieutenants in a regiment of infantry. One 

 of this rank is appointed to each company, and the junior ensigns are 

 charged with the duty of carrying the colours of the regiment. Ensigns 

 in the regiments of foot guards have also the rank of lieutenants. In 



the Rifle Brigade, Fusileer regiment*, and in the royal corps of Artil- 

 lery, Engineers, and Marines, in place of an ensign a second lieutenant 

 was formerly attached to each company. The title of second lieutenant 

 is now however abolished, the title of ensign being resumed in the 

 Rifle Brigade and Fusileer regiments ; whilst in the Artillery, Engineers, 

 and Marines, all the subalterns are called lieutenants, those that would 

 have been second lieutenants, however, only receive second lieutenant's 

 !">- 



Among the Spaniards and Italians, in the 17th century, it appears 

 that no officer existed like the lieutenant of a company, whose rank is 

 between that of a captain and ensign, any such being considered super- 

 fluous, and as tending to diminish the importance which was attached 

 to the post of the officer who had the charge of the colours, on the 

 preservation of which in action, the honour of the regiment was made 

 greatly to depend. 



When, as formerly, a battle partook far more than at present of the 

 nature of a melee, the loss of a standard, which served as a mark for 

 the soldiers under each leader to keep together in the fight or to rally 

 when dispersed, must have been a serious misfortune, and probably 

 was often attended by the total defeat and destruction of the party ; 

 and hence, no doubt, arose the point of honour respecting the colours. 

 A French military author, who served and wrote in the time of 

 Charles IX., intending to express the importance of preserving the 

 colours to the last, observes that, on a defeat taking place, the flag 

 should serve the ensign as a shroud ; and instances have occurred of a 

 standard-bearer who, being mortally wounded, tore the flag from its 

 staff and died with it wrapped about his body. Such a circumstance 

 in related of Don Sebastian, king of Portugal, at the battle of Alcazar, 

 and of a young officer named Chatelier at the taking of Taillebourg, 

 during the wars of the Huguenots. 



In the old French service, the duty of carrying the orifl.immc at the 

 head of the army was confided to a man of rank, and also of approved 

 valour and prudence. The post was held for life. 



The price of an ensign's commission in the foot guards is 1200?., and 

 his daily pay is 5s. 6rf. ; in the regiments of the line the price is 450/., 

 and the daily pay 5*. 3d. 



ENTABLATURE. [COLUMN; GREEK ARCHITECTURE.] 



ENTAIL. [ESTATE.] 



ENTERITIS, Infammation of the IntettiMt. The inflammatory 

 affections of the whole alimentary canal constitute an extensive and 

 highly important class of diseases, several of which are properly desig- 

 nated by specific names, since they have a peculiar seat and require a 

 peculiar treatment. Enteritis is one of these. This term is employed 

 to denote an acute inflammation of the external or peritoneal coat of 

 the intestines. When inflammation is seated exclusively or chiefly in 

 the peritoneal coat of the intestines, both the local and the const it u- 

 tutional affection is widely different from that which is produced when 

 inflammation is seated in the mucous coat. It is, therefore, with good 

 reason that these diseases are distinguished by different names. 



The distinctive characters of enteritis arc pain in the bowels, vomit- 

 ing, invincible constipation, fever, and sudden and great prostration of 

 strength. 



The pain is often exceedingly severe, and is usually especially acute 

 about the navel. The inflammation may be confined to a small portion 

 of the intestines, or its seat may be very extensive. The pain is felt 

 in the part in which the inflammation is seated : hence the pain is 

 occasionally restricted to a particular part of the abdomen ; but far 

 more commonly it is spread over a large portion of it, and, as has just 

 been stated, is peculiarly severe about the navel. The pain is con- 

 stantly present ; it is never for a moment entirely absent ; but it is 

 occasionally very much aggravated in paroxysms. It is always greatly 

 increased by pressure over the seat of the part inflamed. Though 

 severe pain be a very constant attendant on enteritis, yet occasionally 

 cases occur in which the pain is never so great as to occasion much 

 alarm, and these insidious attacks are the most dangerous. 



The vomiting, though occasionally absent, is pretty constantly 

 present, and is sometimes frequent and most distressing. In the inter- 

 vals between the acts of vomiting there is a sense of nausea. It has 

 been thought that when the vomiting is urgent, it is an indication that 

 the inflammation has extended to the stomach ; but the inspection of 

 the body after death has fully shown that there may be most distress- 

 ing vomiting when not the least appearance of disease can be traced in 

 the stomach. 



Obstinate constipation is a diagnostic mark of enteritis. It is not, 

 indeed, invariably present ; but it is present in so large a proportion M 

 cases, that when absent it must be considered as an exception to the 

 general rule. Its absence should leave no doubt upon the mind of the 

 nature of the attack if the other symptoms are present. 



More or less fever is always .present. The skin is usually hot and 

 dry, and the heat is often preceded by a sense of chilliness or by a 

 distinct rigor. The tongue is usually white and furred ; there is much 

 thirst, and the pulse is quick, small, sharp, and incompressible. 



The expression of the countenance is peculiar. The features are 

 sharp and compressed ; in severe cases, and in almost all cases in the 

 advanced stage, quite sunk. The expression is anxious and wild, and 

 the first glance conveys to the beholder an irresistible conviction that 

 the individual is labouring under some intense internal disease. 



The impression upon the powers of life is so great and rapid that 



