906 



ESSENTIAL OILS. 



ESSENTIAL OILS. 



966 



HIST. Dn-.] furnishes by distillation three essential oils. That from 

 the root, before the leaves are developed, presents all the characters of 

 sulphocyanide of allyl. [McBTABD, OIL OF.] That from the leaves is 

 sulphide of allyl. [GARLIC, OIL OF.] The essential oil from the seed 

 is sulphocyanide of allyl alone, or a mixture of that substance with 

 sulphide of allyl. 



Essential oil of almond*. [BENZOYL, HYDRIDE OF.] 



Eaential oil of allspice. See Essential oil of pimento. 



Eaential oil of amber. A product of the dry distillation of AMBER. 

 It is a mixture of several hydrocarbons analogous to oil of turpentine. 

 Copal reran, and the resin of the dammar pine are frequently substi- 

 tuted for amber in the preparation of this oil. 



Saential oil of mite is solid at temperatures below 50 Fahr. It 

 contain* one-fifth of its weight of a hydrocarbon analogous to oil of 

 turpentine. The remaining four-fifths is a solid body of sp. gr. 1'014, 

 melting point 65 Fahr., boiling point 432. Its composition is 

 CjpH.jO,. [ANISIC ACID; ANISOIN.] [PIMPIXELLA, in NAT. HIST. Drv.] 



EtienHal oil of arnica. The root and flowers are said to yield two 

 different oils. That from the flowers is blue. 



Eaential oil of arlemiiia. See Essential oil of wormwood. 



Eaential oil of asarabacca. This oil is composed of ASARONE, and a 

 liquid essential oil of yellow colour, acrid taste, and odour resem- 

 bling valerian. [ASABUM, in NAT. HIST. Dry.] 



Eaential oil of atafatida contains a compound of allyl, richer in 

 sulphur than the sulphide of allyl. [ASAF<ETIDA.] 



taential oil of athamanta. See Eaential oil of peucedanum. 



Saential oil of balm, is of a pale yellow colour. Sp. gr. 0-975. 

 [MELISSA, in NAT. HIST. Div.] 



Eacntial oil of baltam of Peru. This balsam owes its fragrance to 

 CTHHAMEIS. [BALSAM of Peru.] [MTBOSPEBMUM Pemifemm, in NAT. 

 HIST. Drr.] 



Eaential oil of batil. Sweet basil [OcTMUM, in NAT. HIST. Div.] yields 

 an oil containing a solid crystalline body resembling hydrate of oil 

 of turpentine. 



Eur filial oil ofeayi. See Essential oil of laurtl-berriet. 



Eaential oil of beryamot. [BKRGAMOT, ESSENCE OF.] 



Eaential oil ofbirek is obtained by distillation of birch tar. It is a 

 mixture of several oils ; one of them is a hydrocarbon, C W H 10 . The 

 odour of Russia leather is generally owing to this essential oil. 



Essential oil of Imrfm is obtained by distillation with water from 

 bnchu leaves. Its colour is yellowish-brown. [Bccau.] [DiosMA, 

 in NAT. HIST. Drv.] 



Baential oil of cajuput. [CAJUPUT OIL.] 



Eaential oil of camomile. Under this name there occur three 

 different oils. First, that obtained from the true camomile plant. 

 [A*THMns,in NAT. HIST. Drv.] This is the oil that should be used in 

 medicine, being the one indicated in the pharmacopoeia. When first 

 prepared it has a light green colour, but on exposure to air and light 

 it becomes after a time yellow, and finally brown. It is composed of a 

 hydrocarbon uomeric with oil of turpentine, and an oxidised portion, 

 which Oerhardt (' Traits de Chimie organique,' tome ii. p. 445,) regards 

 as the hydride of angelyl. Heated cautiously with caustic potash, the 

 hydrocarbon is volatilised, and angelate of potash formed. A higher 

 temperature decomposes the angelate of potash. [AsoELic ACID.] A 

 second oil of camomile is obtained from the wild camomile. [MATKI- 

 CARIA, in NAT. HIST. Drv.] It is prepared to a considerable extent in 

 Germany, and is called in France essence of blue camomile. It is of a 

 deep blue colour, and at common temperatures has the consistence of 

 cream. The third oil is obtained from feverfew [PTRETHRUM, in NAT. 

 HIST. Drv.], a plant closely allied to the camomile, and formerly 

 named matricaria ; hence the reason of its being confounded with oil 

 of camomile. It is composed of a hydrocarbon and an oxygenised 

 portion which hold in solution a camphor, differing but slightly from 

 laurel camphor. [CAMPHOR.] 



Eaential oil of candy-tuft, has the characters of sulphocyanide of 

 allyl. 



Eaential oil of raoutrnoM. [CAOCTCHIN.] 



Eaential oil of capiri. Obtained by distilling balsam of capivi with 

 water. [BALSAM, capiri.] It is isomeric with oil of turpentine, but 

 the hydrocarbon appears to be in a more condensed state, having the 

 formula CJH... Sp. gr. 878. Boiling point 500 Fahr. 



Eaential oil of cardamom*. [CARDAMOM, essential oil of.} 



Eaential oil of caraway. [CARAWAY, oil of.} 



Saential oil of eateariUa is obtained by distillation with water. It 

 has not been fully examined. 



Eaential oil of camia, is, chemically, the same as essential oil of 

 cinnamon 



Eaenlial oil of cedarvmod. [CEDARWOOD, oil of.] 

 Eaential oil of cedrat. Another 



/'" '- 



name for the atential oil of citron- 



Eaential oU of celery is obtained from the seeds of the common 

 celery. [CM.F.RT and APTCM, in NAT. HIST. Drv.] It contains a hydro- 

 carbon (C^H,,) that boils at 320 Fahr., and an oxygenised portion, the 

 composition of which has not been satisfactorily established. The 

 solution <>f tin- oil in spirit, made by digesting the seeds, is used as a 

 flavouring essence. 



Eaential ofl of cntnopodium is used in the United States under the 

 name of wmteed off. It is obtained by distillation with water from 



the Chenopodium antheJmintirum. It has a disagreeable odour, and 

 yellow colour, sp. gr. - 98. 



Essential oil of cherry laurel is very similar to essential of bitter 

 almonds, containing hydrocyanic acid and hydride of benzoyl. [BEN- 

 ZOTL, hydride of.] 



Essential oil of chervil. [ScANDix and ANTHRISCUS, NAT. HIST. 

 Div.] It has not yet been chemically examined. [CHEKTIL.] 



Essential oil of cinchona,. Trommsdorff obtained, by distilling 20 Ibs. 

 of cinchona bark with water, two grains of an essential oil having the 

 odour of the bark and an acrid taste. 



Essential oil of cinnamon. [CINNAMON, oil of.] 



Essential oil of cinnamon-leaf. Obtained in Ceylon. The leaves are 

 macerated in sea-water and the whole distilled. It is similar in com- 

 position and properties to oil of cloves. [CARTOPHYLLIC ACID.] 



Essential oil of citron-peel differs but slightly in composition and 

 properties from essential oil of lemons. It has, however, an odour 

 peculiar to itself, though the delicacy of the odour depends somewhat 

 upon the part of the distillatory process at which it is taken. [LEMONS, 

 oil of.] [CITRUS medica, in NAT. HIST. Div.] 



Essential oil of citron-flowers is amber-coloured and slightly fragrant. 

 Sixty pounds of flowers yield one ounce of oil. 



Essential oil of citrondle. See Essential oil o/ lemon-gnat. 

 Essential oil of cloves. [CABYOPHYLLUS ; CARYOPHYLLIC ACID.] 

 Essential oil of coriander. Sp. gr. 0'872. Almost colourless. 

 Possesses in a high degree the odour and taste of the plant. Boiling 

 point about 302 Fahr. Its composition seems to be that of a hydrate 

 of oil of turpentine (C^B,,,* 2HO), but it needs farther examination. 

 [CORIANDRUM sativum, in NAT. HIST. Div.] 



Essential oil of cress. Yellow colour. Heavier than water. It 

 contains sulphur, and is probably, like other essential oils from the 

 natural order Cruciferee, a compound'of the radical ALLYL. [LEPIDIUM, 

 in NAT. HIST. Drv.] 



Essential oil of cttbebs. Cubebs [PIPER cubeba, in NAT. HIST. Dry.] 

 contain 10'5 per cent, of a colourless essential oil having a camphrous 

 taste and aromatic odour. It is generally more or less viscous. 

 Sp. gr. 0-929. Boiling point a little below 500 Fahr. It contains the 

 same hydrocarbon as essential oil of capivi. Cubebs also contain a 

 solid camphor, a hydrate of the oil (C^Hj, + 2HO). The camphor is 

 also formed on rectifying oil of cubebs with water. It fuses at 154 

 Fahr., boils at 302, is insoluble in water, but soluble in alcohol, ether, 

 and the essential oils. [CUBEBENE.] 



Essential oil of cummin. [CYMOLE; CUMINIC ACID; and CUMINUM 

 and CYMINUM, in NAT. HIST. Div.] 



Essential oil of dahlia. The tubercles of Dahlia pinnata furnish 

 an essential oil, lighter than water. In the air it soon resinifies, and 

 in water it after a time deposite crystals which appear to be benzoic 

 acid. 



Essential oil of dipterocarpus. Obtained on distilling wood oil with 

 water. Wood oil is the resinous juice of several trees of the genus 

 IHpterocarpHs. [DIPTEROCARPUS, in NAT. HIST. Div.] It contains 

 about 60 per cent, of an essential oil of sp. gr. 0'928, boiling point 

 491 Fahr. 



Essential oil of elder-floven. [SAMBUCDS, in NAT. HIST. Div.] Exists 

 in very small quantity. Has a butyraceous consistence. 



Essential oil of elemi, is contained in the resin [AMYRIDACE^:, in NAT. 

 HIST. Div.] to the extent of from 7 to 14 per cent. Sp. gr. 0-850. 

 Boiling point 345 Fahr. Its composition and vapour density are the 

 same as oil of turpentine. 



Essential oil of erysimum. See Essential oil of aViaria. 

 Essential oil of fennel differs in odour, but is composed of the same 

 proximate constituents as essential oil of aniseed. [FuSNicuLUM, in NAT. 

 HIST. Drv.] 



Essential oil ofgalbannm. [GALBANUM, in NAT. HIST. Div.] Obtained 

 on distilling the gum-resin with water. Colourless, limpid, sp. gr. 

 0-912. 



Essential oil of garlic. [GARLIC, Oil of.] 



Essential oil of yatdtheria. See Essential oil of tnntergreen. [GAUL- 

 THERIA, in NAT. HIST. Div.] 



Essential oil of gentian may be procured from the root by distil- 

 lation with water. It exists only in small quantity. It is lighter 

 than water, and has the consistence of butter. [GENTIANA lutea, NAT. 

 HIST. Div.] 



Essential oil of geranium. Several species of Pelargonium furnish a 

 small quantity of essential oil, on distillation with water. This is true 

 oil of geranium. For the commercial oil of geranium see Essential oil 

 of grass. [PELARGONIUM, in NAT. HIST. Div.] 



Essential oil of ginger. Sp. gr. 0-893. Boiling point 475* Fahr. A 

 mixture of the hydrates of a hydrocarbon isomeric with oil of tur- 

 pentine. 



Essential oil of grain. The hydrated oxide of amyl. [AMYL.] 

 Essential oil of grass, or briefly grass oil, is the product of Andropogon 

 alamos aromaticits, nat. ord. gramineie. It is known in commerce as 

 oil of geranium, is used in perfumery, and in the fabrication and falsifi- 

 cation of attar of roses. It contains a hydrocarbon (C 20 H 18 ), and an 

 oxidised resinous portion. 



Essential oil of hemlock has an acrid taste, and the peculiar odour of 

 the plant. It is not poisonous. [CONIUM, in NAT. HIST. Div.] 



Essential oil of hops contains the hydrocarbon, C^H^, along with 



