Ml 



ETHYL. 



ETHYL. 



1. Ethylselenhydric acid is a yellow fetid liquid, resulting from the 

 distillation of a mixture of sulphovinate of lime and selenhydrate of 

 potash. It is heavier than water ; boiling point about 212 Fahr. 



2. Selenide of ethyl, or selenhydric ether, is a clear yellow liquid 

 heavier than water. It is formed on distilling selenide of potassium 

 with sulphethylate of potash. It combines with chlorine, bromine, 

 iodine, Ac., forming compounds of much theoretical but little general 

 interest. 



TeUuride of ethyl 



com P ort8 itself Uke 



It may be obtained by distilling telluride of potassium with sulpho- 

 vinate of potash. It has a yellowish-red colour, persistent disagreeable 

 odour, boiling point about 212 Fahr., and is rapidly altered in contact 

 with air. 



Fluoride of ethyl (C,Hj, F) is a mobile very volatile liquid, having 

 an odour somewhat resembling that of horseradish. 



Chloride of ethyl (C.H,C1.), hydrochloric ether, may be readily pre- 

 pared by distilling a mixture of three parts of strong sulphuric acid, 

 two of alcohol, and four of fused chloride of sodium. Two condensers 

 must be used in the operation, the first kept at a temperature of about 

 70 Fahr., from which water and alcohol will be collected ; the second, 

 cooled with ice, or a freezing mixture, in which the chloride of ethyl 

 will collect. It may be rectified over chloride of calcium. 



Chloride of ethyl has a powerfully aromatic, faintly alliaceous odour. 

 It* sp. gr. at 41 Fahr., is 0'874. Vapour-density, 2-219. Boiling 

 point, 52 Fahr. It burns with a bright flame edged with green, is 

 very slightly soluble in water, but freely so in alcohol. It is a solvent 

 of sulphur, phosphorus, fats, oils, and resins. Its vapour passed 

 through a red hot porcelain tube is decomposed into olefiant gas (C,H,) 

 and hydrochloric acid. 



Chlorine deriratieet of chloride of ethyl. Chlorine acts upon chloride 

 of ethyl, heat is evolved, and hydrochloric acid produced by the union 

 of part of the chlorine with hydrogen that is displaced by another part 

 of the chlorine. In this way an interesting series of substitution- 

 compounds is obtained, in which the five equivalents of hydrogen in 

 chloride of ethyl are successively replaced by equivalents of chlorine. 

 The following list of these compounds, with their formula, will at 

 once show the relation they bear to chloride of ethyl and to each 

 other: 



Chloride of ethyl C, H, Cl 



chlorethyl . . . . C. | J^ j Cl 

 bichlorethvl . I 



trichlorcthyl . . . . 



qnmdrlchlortthyl . 

 perchlorethrl . 



. . C. Cl, Cl 



The last is identical with the sesquichloride of carbon (C.C1,). 

 [CHLORISE ; CARBOS.] 



Bromide of etkyl, or hydrobromic ether (C.H.Br), U made much in the 

 same way u the next compound iodide of ethyl bromine being used 

 instead of iodine. It is a colourless liquid of penetrating ethereal 

 odour and taste. IU sp. gr. U 1-4733 at 82 Fahr. Vapour-density, 

 3-754. Boiling point, 10ti. It is almost insoluble in water, but 

 miscible in all proportions with alcohol or ether. 



le of ethyl (C.H.I), hydriodif ether. To 100 parts of alcohol 

 contained in a capacious flask there are alternately added, by small 

 portions at a time, 60 parts of iodine and 20 parts of phosphorus. 

 If the action become* violent during the operation, a cork should be 

 put into the neck of the flask, and the whole plunged beneath the 

 surface of cold water. The mixture is finally distilled, care being 

 taken that a slight excem of iodine is present, which will be the case if 

 the mixture keeps of a brown colour. The condensed iodide of ethyl 

 should be allowed to flow into a receiver containing water, at the 

 bottom of which it will collect. After separating the water, the iodide 

 of ethyl may be obtained in a perfectly pure state, on rectifying from a 

 few pieces of chloride of calcium. In the above process the iodine 

 and phosphorus first combine to form iodide of phosphorus ; this, with 

 the elements of water, is then decomposed into phosphorous acid and 

 hydriodic acid, and the latter reacting upon alchohol produces iodide 

 of ethyl and water. 



Iodide of ethyl is a neutral liquid, colourless when pure, but be- 

 coming brown by the action of air and light, from liberation of iodine. 

 IU odour is ethereal and penetrating. It is exceedingly heavy, having 

 at 1 Fahr., a sp. gr. of 1'9464. It boiling point is 162-2 Fahr. 

 Vapour-density 6'475. It is scarcely at aU soluble in water, but 

 very soluble in alcohol It burns with difficulty. Heated with 

 water in a sealed tube to 302 Fahr., it is decomposed into ether and 

 hydriodic acid ; if oxide of silver be present, then alcohol and iodide 

 nf ilver are formed. 



.fa of ethyl. [ORGANIC BASES.] 



be washed with water, and rectified over anhydrous phosphoric acid. 

 Thus obtained, it is a colourless liquid of agreeable odour, sp. gr. 078. 

 Boiling point 179'6 Fahr. It is said to be excessively poisonous, but 

 of this there is some doubt, as, prepared by the above process, it always 

 contains hydrocyanic acid, &c. A boiling solution of potash converts 

 it into propionate of potash with disengagement of ammonia. 



+ KO, HO + 2HO = KO, 



+NH S 



Cyanide of ethyl. 



Propionate of 

 potash. 



For the action of potassium on cyanide of ethyl, see CYANETHINE. 



Ethide of sodium (C 4 H 5 , Na), sodium ethyl. Mr. Wanklyn has 

 recently discovered a combination of this compound with two equiva- 

 lents of zinc-ethyl (NaC 4 H 5 + 2 ZnC 4 H 5 ). It is formed by acting upon 

 zinc-ethyl with sodium, when metallic zinc is precipitated, and sodium 

 dissolved, equivalent for equivalent. The double compound may be 

 obtained in crystals from solution in zinc-ethyl. Heat decomposes the 

 crystals, gas is evolved, and the residue consists of sodium and zinc, 

 without any admixture of carbon. The action of carbonic acid on the 

 crystals is interesting, heat is evolved, zinc-ethyl distils off, and there 

 remains a white residue of propionate of soda. The re-action is 

 expressed in the following equation : 



Na, C,H 5 = 



C.OoC. 



Elhlde of potassium (C,H s Na), potassium, ethyl, is obtained in the 

 same manner, and, so far as at present ascertained, closely resembles 

 the ethide of sodium just described. 



Ethide of zinc (C.H 6 Zn), zinc-ethyl. Obtained by heating together 

 in a sealed glass tube, or digester, equal volumes of iodide of ethyl 

 and ether, both perfectly anhydrous, and a quantity of well-dried 

 granulated zinc, equal to about twice the weight of the iodide of ethyl. 

 A heat of about 250 Fahr. should be kept up for fifteen or twenty 

 hours. When cool the vessel may be opened, and the zinc-ethyl 

 distilled off from the residue of iodide of zinc, contact with air being 

 avoided as much as possible. 



Zinc-ethyl is a colourless, transparent, mobile liquid. Boiling point 

 244 Fahr. Sp. gr. at 64 Fahr. M82. Vapour-density, 4'259. Its 

 affinity for oxygen is so intense as to render it spontaneously inflam- 

 mable in the air, when it burns with a brilliant blue flame, fringed 

 with green, and forms dense white clouds of oxide of zinc. Allowed 

 to oxidise slowly, a white substance results containing C,H S 0, Zn 0, 

 the ethylatc of zinc or zinc alcohol [OROAXOMETALLIC BODIES.] 



Ethide of tin (C 4 H s Sn), stanethyl. Formed by the re-action of 

 granulated tin and iodide of ethyl with the aid of heat or light. By 

 double decomposition of the iodide of stanethyl thus produced, an 

 oxide, chloride, sulphide, &c., may be formed, and the stanethyl itself 

 isolated by the action of metallic zinc on the chloride of stanethyl. 



Stanethyl is a yellow oily liquid, decomposed by a heat of about 

 300 Fahr. 



Other compounds of ethyl and tin also exist. [OROANOMETALLIC 

 BODIES.] 



Terethide of antimony (3C.H 5 , Sb), ttibethyl. Obtained by acting 

 upon iodide of ethyl with an alloy of antimony and potassium. It is 

 a heavy limpid liquid, has a powerful odour of onions, and is spon- 

 taneously inflammable. Sp. gr. 1-324, vapour-density 7'438, boiling 

 point 317. It forms salts with oxygen, iodine, sulphur, &c. 



Binethide of antnic (2C 4 H S , As), arseniodiethyl, and its compounds 

 are very similar to cacodyl, the bimethide of arsenic. [CACODTL.] 



Terethide ofanenic (3C.H,, As), arseniotriethyl, is the chief product 

 of the action of iodide of ethyl on an alloy of arsenic and sodium. It 

 is scarcely spontaneously inflammable. Its compounds have a very 

 close analogy to those of terethide of antimony. 



Terethide nf bismuth (3C.H S , Bi), W<rie%J, results from the action 

 of iodide of ethyl upon an alloy of bismuth and potassium. It is a 

 yellowish liquid of disagreeable odour. Sp. gr. 1'82. It combines 

 with the metalloids. 



Ethide of mercury, mercuryethyl, hydraryethyl, has been obtained in 

 combination, and several of the salts described. 



Ethide of lead, plumbethyl, forms in combination salts that corres- 

 pond to binoxide of lead (Pb 2 O 4 ). The oxide of plumbethyl contains 

 Pb, (C,H 5 ),,0 and the chloride Pb., (C,H 6 ) 3 C1. 



Ethide of cadmium (C,H 5 , Cd), cadmium-ethyl, may be formed by a 

 process similar to that for making zinc-ethyl. It has not yet been 

 procured in a state of perfect purity. 



The following are the names and formula: of the remaining more 

 important compounds of ethyl. The preparation and properties of 

 the most interesting of them will be found described in the article 

 treating of the several bodies with which the ethyl is combined. 



retort ; the distillate, which has a disagreeable alliaceous odour should 



Ethyl-acetamido 



Ethyl-diacetamide 



H 



C,H.,O a 

 C.H.O, 



