n FIFK. 



iued, whether in term time ur vacation, and may to uuule returnable 

 imnuxliatrly after the execution thereof. 



If a fieri facia* ia issued ag-.tinit a clergyman, and the sheriff return* 

 that he ha* no good* upon which the judgment can be levied, but that 

 the defendant ia a hemmed clerk not having any lay fee. the pliintitl 

 may me out a fieri facial de bonia eccleuaitici/," which u directed to 

 the >iihp <>f toe diooeae, or t<> the archbiahop during the vacancy of 

 the bbbop'i aee, commanding him to make of the eccleaiaatical goods 

 ;uxl chattel* of the defendant within hia dioceae the muu therein 

 tied It in tewted and made returnable exactly in the mine 

 manner aa a common fieri facias, and in executed by mean* of a 

 sequestration United l>y the regiatrarof the dioceae. [SEQUESTRATION. ] 

 (' Bl. Com.' v. iii. Ur. Kerr's Kdition ; Archbold, Q. B. Praet. vol. ii.) 



KI KK. a wry small flute with never more than one key, and seldom 

 that, giving acute piercing Bounds, and used, together with the side 

 drum, for military purposes, in marching, &c. It ia an octave higher 

 than the flute, and in compass comprises two octaves. Fifes are of 

 three sixes, named by the letters A, B, and c. The first is the lowest ; 

 the last, which is that in common use, is the highest. 



FIFTEENTH, in Music, ia the interval of the double octave. 



The fftetntk ilop in organs ia a range of metallic pipes, tum.il two 

 octaves higher than the diapasons. 



FIFTH, an interval in music, and the most perfect of concords, the 

 octave excopted. Its ratio is 3 : 2. [CONCORD; HARMONY.] 



There are three kinds of Fifths; the Perfect Fifth, the Flat or 

 Muinitktd Fifth (called also the Imptr/K-t Fifth), and the / 

 Skarp or Sperjtwtu Fifth. The first (c, a) is composed of three. 

 whole tones and a semitone ; the second (n. FI of two whole tones and 

 two aeuiitone* ; the third (c, o j) of four whole tones. Ex. : 





1st. 



?nd. 



Snl. 



- 



. .' 



FIFTH MONARCHY MEN, a sect of religionists, whose distin- 

 guishing tenet was a belief in the coming of a fifth universal monarchy, 

 of which Jesus Christ was to to the head, while the saint 1 ;, under his 

 personal sovereignty, should possess the earth. They appeared in 

 England towards the close of the Protectorate ; and in 1660, a few 

 months after the Restoration, they broke out into a serious tumult in 

 London under their leader Vernier, in which many of them lost their 

 lives, some being killed by the military, and others afterwards executed. 

 Several Fifth Monarchy Men also suffered death in 1662, on a charge 

 (most probably unfounded) of having conspired to kill the king and 

 the Duke of York, to seize the Tower, ic. They are the same who 

 were sometimes called Millcnnarinus, their notion being that the reign 

 of Christ upon earth was to last for a thousand years. They seem, 

 also, from the extravagance and violence of conduct into which they 

 occasionally broke out, to have been confounded in the popular imagi- 

 nation with the old Anabaptists of Miinster. [ANABAPTISTS.] 



FIO, the Firm carica of botanists, is a small tree, with rough, lobed, 

 deciduous leaves, naturally inhabiting the temperate ports of Asia, 

 and now commonly cultivated in Europe for the sake of its fruit. 



In the fertile islands of the Mediterranean, in Spain, Italy, and 

 Greece, and even so far north as the south of France, the fruit is so 

 well ripened as to form a valuable article of exportation in a dried 

 state. A thousand tons are annually imported into Great Britain 

 alone. The fruit ia grown with some success even in the southern and 

 milder parts of England, but it ia seldom found in the northern parts 

 or in Scotland, except under glass. It is only as an object of culti- 

 vation in this country that we have to consider it in this place. 



The nomenclature of figs is in a greater state of confusion than that 

 of most other fruits, and the descriptions of them generally so 

 imperfect that the same kind is grown in different parts of the country 

 under many different names ; an account of their synonyms, as far as 

 they have been determined, will to found in the Horticultural Society's 

 Fniit Catalogue, ed. 2. 



The following ia a lint of the beat sorts : 



Black Provence. 

 Large Blue. 

 Brunswick. 

 Blue Burgmxly. 

 Early White. 

 Large white Genoa. 

 Hamburg Brown. 

 Black Iw.-l.ia. 

 Brown Ischia. 



The best sort* for forcing are : 



The Ashridge Forcing. 

 Figue Blanche. 

 Early Forcing. 



; 



Green Ischia, 



\Vhitc Ischia. 

 Yellow Ischia. 

 Lee's Perpetual. 

 White Malta, 

 large Black X.ipl. -. 

 White Naplrx. 

 Small Green. 

 Brown Turkey. 



Nerii. (Thu excellent sort 

 will not bear a high tem- 

 perature.) 



Pregussata. 



The following kind* ore recommended as a selection for a small 

 garden, in the southern and midland counties of England : 



Black Im-hia. 

 Brown Turkey. 

 Unman ivk. 







Large whit. 



. i ,,: ; . u :. 



The following sorts have Wen recommended for a i.mve*iioi. 

 August to October in the south of Engl.. 



IW.n I.-.-hii 



Large white <!cii . . 



Green Ischia 



Murrey, or llrown Naplc 



Ford's Seedling . . 



Black Provence . 



Yellow 



Gentile 



in the midd 



"f AlIgllDt. 



beginning 

 middle <>! 

 <-nd 



The most approved methods of propagating fig-trees are cither by 

 layers or cuttings, and the former method U general h 

 because the plants at the end of the season are stronger and m 

 to be planted out where they are intended to grow. Trees raised 

 from layers generally come into bearing the second year. Grafting 

 succeeds upon these trees as well as upon any other, but it ia almost 

 unnecessary and seldom practised. Before the trees ore plans 

 ground should to well drained, and made from two feet and a i 

 three feet deep, with a mixture of good friable loam and il 

 dung. Miller remarks, that "fig-trees bear the greatest quaui 

 well-flavoured fruit when growing upon chalky land where there has 

 been a foot or more of a gentle loamy coil mi the top." 



It was generally believed until a few yearn Kick that pruning wag 

 injurious to the fig, but experience shows this opinion t.. ! mil". 

 and that it is as tractable in this respect as any other tree. 



The object to to always kept in view is to have constantly a supply 

 of fruit-bearing shoots, and for this purpose the old wood should be 

 gradually cut away, and the young introduced to fill the space thus 

 created. Since the climate of this country will not admit 

 in one year being brought to maturity, as in other countries more 

 favourable to its growth, the fruit formed after midsummer should ! 

 removed, in order to strengthen the tree and render it more pr..<! 

 the following season. 



Several modes of training are practised and recommended : some 

 gardeners recommend the fan system, others the horizontal; 1> 

 must depend entirely upon the growth of the tree : if it 1 

 the latter may be practised; if not, the former will answer 

 as the more perpendicular a tree is trained the stronger it grow 

 a contrary, effect is produced by horizontal training. Mr. Knight 

 recommend* the branches to to trained in a downward direction an 

 well as horizontally, and aays, " The young wood ceases to elongate 

 very early in the season, and thence acquires perfect maturity, and by 

 being trained close to the wall it ia not so liable to to injur 

 frost." 



In many parts of the continent where the winter is very cold, Imt. 

 where the summer heat is sufficient to ripen the fig, as a standard, 

 the trees are planted in rows and bent down in-ar the ground in 

 winter, and then covered with leaves, which protect them from 

 severe frosts. Wall trees are unnailed ami !> ;t down on each 

 within a few feet of the ground, and then protected in tl, 

 as standards. 



In this country the common practice is to stick yews, spn 

 branches, or fern leaves amongst the branches of the fig upon th. 

 Where anything can be used for protection which c.n< > i\ l,e 



removed in fine mild weather, it will to found of greater utility than 

 having the branches covered up from the commencement of winter 

 until the end of spring. 



When the trees are planted in the bonier of a hot-house f. 

 purpose of being forced, they are commonly trained to trellisc 

 the treatment is precisely the same as that recommended for open 

 walls. After the fruiting season the border must to kcp 

 dry, in order that the trees may enjoy a season of rest ; but a plentiful 

 supply of water is given when they are in a state of growth. 



Those who have not a house which can to appropriated entirely to 

 the forcing of figs may nevertheless obtain good crops by planting the 

 trees in pots and forcing them in a cherry-house, jicacli-house, or 

 vinery. The time for beginning to force is from I February, 



according as the fruit is wanted; and the temperature should !>.- 

 gradually increased from 60 to 65 or 70 Fahr. Some also ap, 

 of a bottom heat, and recommend the pots to to plunged in a 

 leaves or tan. 



The fig-tree is very apt to throw off its fruit before it ri]x ,-n 

 various methods have been suggested to prevent this. In the Levant, 

 to insure a crop, a process termed capritication is resorted to, which 

 consists in placing among the cultivated figs branches of the wild fig, 

 in which a kind of Cynips abounds. This insect, issuing from the 

 wild fruit, enters the others, brushing about the pollen in the i 

 and so fertilising the fruit. Or those figs that drop prematurely and 

 are chiefly filled with male flowers are preserved and introduced 

 among the green growing figs with a view to their pollen being carried 

 by insects to the flowers where they are wonted. To these processes 



