07 



<;LOK OK COMPRESSION. 



ULOVE MAHUFACTUBK. 



piece* an pasted, and hid on with grot care the line* marked on the 

 plaster being taken aa guide*. Much skill U needed to effect the 

 neoe**ary junction of the edge* without overlapping. The globe U 

 then coloured, to mark the divisions of land and water, 4c., and U 

 next coated with *evenl layers of strong varnish. Then it thus a 

 hollow globe of pasteboard, coated with putter, covered with printed 

 paper, and finished with water-colour and varniah. The graduated 

 meridian rings are made of brass or of iron. The " poling of the 

 meridian,* or adjustment to make the globe revolve truly, follows ; 

 and then comes the cabinet work of fixing the globe to its frame or 

 atand an engraved annulus or ring of paper being prepared to cover 

 the representative horizon. 



The aame principle of manufacture is followed, whether the globes 

 sell at six shillings or fifty guineas a pair. Small German globes are 

 now imported, however, as low as sixpence each ; and it is probable 

 that some more rapid method is adopted for their production. Some 

 uf the English globes are as much as 36 inches in diameter. Some, of 

 large sixe, contain not only the ordinary delineation, but also show the 

 geological structure of the earth, atmospheric currents, trade winds, 

 monsoons, ocean currents, isothermal lines, and trade routes. A 

 celestial globe has been made as much as 72 inches in diameter, but 

 with the delineations written or painted instead of engraved. Slate 

 globes are made, for school use, with only the lines of latitude and 

 longitude marked. Some globes are made with the land portions 

 shown in rtlirf ; these require a process of embossing by stamping. 

 Embossed globes of this kind are made to show approximately the 

 irregularities on the moon's surface. Mr. Adama mokes globes of 

 gutta percha, which can be taken to pieces for convenient packing, or 

 for instruction in putting them together again. He has also invented 

 a globe in which the terrestrial and celestial spheres are superimposed 

 one on the other but to the disadvantage of both. Ziebermayer of 

 Vienna makes globes in which a small terrestrial sphere is inclosed in 

 a glass sphere marked with the constellations, &c., with mechanism for 

 showing the places of the sun and moon among the stare. Globes 

 have sometimes been made of tissue paper, inflated by air to a 

 diameter of ten or twelve feet, and suspended by a string from the 

 ceiling of a school-room or lecture-room. Betts's smaller paper globes 

 are so constructed as to fold up conveniently into a very small space 

 when not in use. Messrs. Goodyear manufacture globes of inflated 

 india-rubber, or silk coated with india-rubber solution. The globes 

 which have been made large enough for persons to enter withinside 

 such as Gue'rin's Georama, 30 feet in diameter, and Wyld's Great 

 Globe, 60 feet in diameter are examples of building rather than 

 of globe-making. 



The engraved paper surface of one of AddUon's 36 inch globes was 

 made use of by Professor Rigaud, of Cambridge, for determining the 

 relative quantities of land and water on the earth's surface. The 

 paper was selected with especial care ; the printing was effected with 

 as little ink as possible ; the drying and cutting out were well attended 

 to ; and the pieces were weighed in a very delicate balance. Halley 

 and Long had done the same thing with smaller globes long before ; 

 but Rigaud's process was in every way more trustworthy. On all 

 globes the Arctic and Antarctic positions are necessarily left very 

 vague ; and the professor could only make guess-work of those regions. 

 The result of a very laborious examination ws, that if the earth's 

 surface be divided into 1000 equal parts, 266 of these are dry land, and 

 734 water. The 266 are thus distributed : Europe and the adjacent 

 islands 16(, Asia 89, Africa 59J, America 854, Australasian group 154. 

 In another mode of grouping, the northern hemisphere comprises 197 

 land and 303 water : the southern hemisphere 69 land and 431 water. 



GLOBE OF COMPRESSION, a name given by Belidor to over- 

 charged mines, that is, producing anything over a two lined crater. 

 [MiME.] Such mines have been used by the besiegers of a fortress to 

 destroy the galleries of the counter-mines, and blow the wall of the 

 counterscarp into the ditch. They were first employed by the king of 

 Prussia, in 1762, at the siege of Schweidnit*. 



GLOBULAR PROJECTION. We believe this term has been 

 applied to more than one species of map, but particularly to the 

 projection proposed by Lahire, in which the eye is supposed to be 

 distant from the globe represented in whole or part by one half of the 

 chord of an arc of ninety degrees. This projection gives but a small 

 distortion, compared with that of the stenographic projection ; it is 

 however very rarely employed, on account of the projections of most 

 of the great circles being ellipses. 



GLOBULAR SAILING. [GBEAT CHICLE SAILING.] 



GLOBULIN, an albuminous substance contained in the blood- 

 globules, united with litmatin, the colouring-matter of blood. It is 

 contained, also, in the crystalline humour of the eye. Its aqueous 

 solution coagulates at a higher temperature than that of albumen. It 

 POSMSMI a slightly alkaline re-action, and in other respects greatly 

 resemble* albumen. It is composed of, 



Carbon ....... 44-S 



Hjrdroftn ....... 6-9 



MUogcn ....... 103 



Sulphur ....... -S 





GLOVE (from the Anglo-Saxon j/o/X a cover for the hand. 

 Casaubon assert*, with reference to a passage in Athemeus (x\i. 2), that 

 the ancient Greeks and Romans knew of no such covering for the 

 hands ; though he shows that they were in use among the Romans in 

 the time of Pliny the younger. The Persian* used gloves in cold 

 weather, a circumstance charged agaimt them aa a proof of their 

 luxurious habits. Xcnophon, ' Cyrop.,' viii. 8, 17. 



In England the etymology of the word shows the early uae of glove*. 

 With kings, nobles, and prelate* in the Middle Ages they were a costly 

 article of dress, and richly decorated, being sometime*, particularly 

 those of bishops, adorned with previous stone*. 



While the spirit of chivalry lasted, the glove of a lady, worn in tin- 

 helmet as a favour, was a very honourable token ; and much of the 

 wearer's success wa* supposed to be derived from the virtue of the 

 lady. The practice of wearing a glove a* a favour is mentioned by 

 Hall in his 'Chronicle,' in the reign of Henry IV., and frequently 

 among our old dramatic writers. Nan*'* ' Glossary,' in vooo. 



At what is called a maiden assize, or when there are no prisoners to 

 be tried, it has from time immemorial been the custom fr the high 

 sheriff to present the judges with white glove*. Formerly on an 

 application for the reversal of an outlawry, the defendant was obliged 

 to appear personally in court and present gloves to the judges. Glove* 

 ore not worn in the presence of the sovereign. 



In former times it appears to have been a general custom during 

 fairs to hang out a glove from the town hall or some other conspicuous 

 place, and it is said that whilst the glove remained suspended, all 

 who visited the fair were privileged from arrest. The taking down of 

 the glove was the signal that the fair was closed. (See instances and 

 authorities collected in ' Notes and Queries,' vols. vii. and viii.) 



At the sale of the Earl of Arran's goods, in the month of April, 1759, 

 the gloves given by Henry VIII. to Sir Anthony Denny were sold for 

 SSI. 17*.; those given by James I. to his BOH Edward Denny, for 

 -'II. 4. ; and the mittens given by Queen Elizabeth to Sir Edward 

 Denny's lady, for 25/. 4. Gough ' Sepulchr. Mon., i. 185, says, " These 

 may be supposed some of the oldest gloves extant" 



To tliroa the glare by way of challenge to duel is mentioned in 

 Matthew Paris's History, under the year 1245. He calls it mot 

 Francurum. Throwing down a glove as a challenge by the royal 

 champion was a part of the coronation ceremony as late as the 

 coronation of George IV. 



GLOVE MANUFACTURE. Gloves are made at the present day 

 of a great variety of substances, kid, lambskin, buck, doe, dogskin, 

 and other kinds of leather ; together with silk, flax, cotton, and wool, and 

 mixtures of two or more of these. Some are known by names which 

 do not denote the materials used, such as Limerick, Berlin, Woodstock, 

 Kendal, Yeovil, ic. " Habits," or habit gloves, are ladies' short gloves; 

 the name being derived from the gloves formerly worn by ladies on 

 horseback, at a time when long gloves were worn with walking dress. 



The following observations on the characteristics of the chief kinds 

 of gloves, in a manufacturing point of view, ore mostly condensed from 

 Mr. Perkins's useful little volume on the subject. Kid is valuable for 

 gloves in proportion to its elasticity ; when it is both elastic and close 

 in texture, it is employed for the beet " town made " gloves, which are 

 equal in quality to the best French. Most of the so-called kid glove* 

 Bold at a low price are made of lambskin ; the leather is always thicker 

 and heavier than real kid. It is only the very best English kid glove* 

 which are equal to the French ; and as the latter have a good name in 

 the market, there in much deception practiced. Three-fourths of the 

 real kid gloves sold in England OB " Firm-li." .in- made in England, of 

 kid skins obtained from France, Italy, and Ireland. Limerick gloves 

 are a peculiar kind of kid, and are mostly worn in Ireland. Buckskin 

 is a close-grained and very strong leather for gloves ; it has a little 

 elasticity, and bears cleaning well. Sheepskin gloves are generally 

 white, and are used for the army. Tan gloves an cheap and service- 

 able article* of a tan colour, for gardening, riding, and driving ; the 

 top is finished by a cuff formed by reversing the face of the leather. 

 Beaver is an inappropriate name for the commonest kinds of leather 

 gloves, mostly dyed drab. Woodstock is a kind of superior beaver, in 

 which much attention is paid to cutting and sewing. Doeskin is a 

 more substantial, durable, and soft leather than that employed for 

 beaver or Woodstock gloves. Silk gloves ore classed in quality {tartly 

 according to the weight of silk, and partly to the neatness of the 

 sewing. About the time of the Great Exhibition, silk gloves were 

 introduced, cut upun the same principle an kid gloves ; and the.- 

 since been much sought after, as presenting a better and neater tit 

 than the general kinds of textile gloves. Berlin gloves were originally 

 imported from Berlin ; then from some parts of Switzerland : but now 

 they are largely made in England, where they are considered to be 

 very superior to the cotton gloves which they superseded. Thread 

 glove* an made of flax, hemp, and cotton, according to their price and 



So far as concerns the English glover* a* a body, it appears that in 

 London they were incorporated by Charles I. in 1638, although they 

 had long before formed a guild among themselves. The guild, as in 

 nearly all cases, sought to create or maintain a monopoly; and the 

 charter enabled them to do thin. Deer and sheepskin glo\ 

 kinds chiefly mode in London at that time ; but after the i > 

 of kid gloves into England, the London makers took up that branch, 



