t : 



ORA8S LAND. 



GRASS LAND. 



broken up lands. The fertility is redueed rapidly ; and when gnu* 

 Mad* are sown after several crop* of com, the soifhaa been deprived of 

 great portion of the humus and vegetable matter which U ossentisl 

 to the growth of rich grass. The proper method of treating grass land, 

 broken up to improve it, U to take no more corn crop* than will pay the 

 expense of breaking up, carting earth, lime, or other substances upon 

 it, t-i improve the toil, and to lay it down to gnu* again 01 won u the 

 oM .want U fully destroyed. 



If the toil u fit for turnips, no better crop can be town to prepare for 

 the graai Modi, which should be nown without a corn crop, axoept 

 where the aim U powerful, and the teed is sown late in spring : but 

 autumn it by far the beat unarm for lowing gran seeds for permanent 

 ]uture. Turnips of an early kind may be aown in May, and fed off 

 with abeep in August or September ; and the ground being only very 

 slightly ploughed, or rather scorified, and harrowed fine, the seeds may 

 be aown and rolled in. The specie* of grosses aown miut depend on 

 the nature of the soil ; but it is impossible to be too choice in the 

 selection. That mixture of chaff and the half-ripe seeds of weeds, 

 commonly called hay seeds, which u collected from the stable lofts, 

 should be carefully rejected, and none but seeds ripened and collected 

 on purpose should be sown. The TrifuUum rtpau (white clover), the 

 Trtj'.lium mtJiun (cow grass), Makcago Ujnmda (trefoil), i 

 ptrtmtc (rye grass), the poas and festucas, are the best kinds of grasses. 

 A very easy way of obtaining good seed is to keep a piece of good 

 meadow shut up from the cattle early in spring, carefully weeding out 

 any coarse grantee, and letting the beat arrive at full maturity ; then 

 mow and dry the crop, and thresh it out upon a cloth. This will give 

 the best mixture of seeds ; but some of the earliest will have been 

 abed, and these should be collected separately, or purchased from the 

 seedsmen. Before winter, the ground will already be covered with a 

 fine green, if the seed has been plentiful The quantity per acre of the 

 mixed seeds should not be leas than SO or 40 pounds to insure a close 

 pile the next year. If the soil is not naturally rich, liquid manure, or 

 urine diluted with water, ahould be carried to the field in a water-cart, 

 and the young grass watered with it. This will BO invigorate the plants 

 that they will strike and tiller abundantly. 



The following are lists of seed proper for different soils, taken from 

 Mr. Lawson's ' Agriculturist's Manual,' pp. 203, 4, 5, 6. 



" In preparing grass seeds for sowing in mixture, it has been found 

 that a reference to weight is more correct in practice than to measure ; 

 and fr the sake of comparison, the tables, giving the average weight 

 of a bushel of each kind of seed, ore here inserted. 



WIIOUT o nu SUM or GLUUS AXD OTBKB Puurrs, rxs latnmuL B 



Agrostis stolonlfen . 



,, Tulgarls . . 

 Aira fleiuota . . . 

 Alopecurus geniculatus . 



praun.ls . . 

 Arrhcnatherum arenacernm 

 AnthoxAntbum odoratum , 

 Arena fUrnccna . . 

 Brtea media 

 Cynonrus eiiatatos 

 Uactjrlla glomerate . . 

 Klrmtu arenariua . . 

 Festnea duriiucula . 



,, elatior 



hrtcrophvlla . . 



loliacea . 



orina . . 



c 



6 



10J 

 26 

 11 



I 

 H 



IS] 



i. 



' ; 



Festuca tennifolla 

 pratensis 

 ,, rubra 

 sylratioa 

 Olyccria fluitans . 

 Poa gUuca . 

 nemoralis . 

 pratensis . 

 tririalis 

 Bolcus lanatus 



Ibs. 

 . IS 

 . U) 

 . 10 



. 10 

 . 14 



. 7 

 . IS 

 . 13 

 . 15; 



7 



Lolium perenne, the varieties vary 



from . . . 18 to 30 

 italleum . , . . 1GJ 

 Phalaris arunclinacea . . .48 

 Phelnm pratense . . . . 44 



Poa annua 14 



aquatica 18} 



CLOTBM AXD onrxa PLANTS. 



AehUlea MilleWlum . 

 Ilcdysarum Onobrychls 

 fx>tut major . . 

 Medioago iupulina . 

 I'lanUf o lanccoUta . 

 I .-.-..... 

 Trirollum minus . 



Ibs. 



J8J 



IB 



64 



63} 



111 



Ml 

 Ml 



Trifolium pratense 

 oow-trraas 

 prooumbens 

 repens . 



Vicia sepum . 



J I '. I 



Ibs. 

 62 

 62 

 64 

 69 

 61 

 06 

 Oi 



" In sowing down grans lands mthout a crop, the benefit in hixy or 

 pasture is sooner acquired, without the soil being in any degree 

 exhausted by a com crop. In most cases, however, a greater quantity 

 f "d is necessary, than where the young grass enjoys the protection 

 and shelter afforded by a cereal crop. These advantages may in a great 

 measure 1* gained in sowing down grass lands without a crop, and 

 with a considerable Having of grass seeds, by sowing along with the 

 mixture, a lm)i. I ,,f ry e or of winter barley per acre, in autumn 

 sowing, for shelter in winter ; and a bushel of barley per acre for pr.i 

 Uwting the young planU from the scorching drought of summer, when 

 own in iipring ; oliwrving that the barley or rye shall be oaten or out 

 down while in a green xUite. 



"Although /xVmm ilalicHm, when sown in too great a proportion, 

 from tU strung habit of growth in apt to choke or weaken thr 

 yet by substituting 6 Ib. of it for 8 Ib. L>Mum j>eroMtc in the above 

 table, tho produce will bo materially improved. 



Qounm or Oaaas flan ra> Ivrssui Arm. 

 I. For Altmalt J7w*anVry. 



" In proportion to the tenacity and retentiveneas of very heavy soils, 

 Phleun pratentc should be increased from 4 Ib. to U 1U, additional, 

 and in many cases, for one and two years' pasture, Arrhcnatkrrum. 

 arenaceun, Dactylii glonmtta, Poa trivial!*, and some others, might be 

 partly substituted for Lolium percnnt, varying the kindjj and quantities 

 according to circumstances. 



II. 1. F^r Permanent Failure. 



II. 1. for Permanent Ptuture. 



