IIKIULD. 



the name of tllyeon, and appears to be * copy of tin- Heracles of 

 Lysippiu : the her U leaning on Ilk clul>, fi-l lu'lils in his hands the 

 applr* of the Hesperides ; the hod of this stat ue is. however, a modem 

 restoration, being copied from the magnificent colossal head no* in 

 the Hritiah Museum (Thin) Uncco-Roman Saloon). Besides the many 

 statues and buate of Heracles, in which he u figured from youth to age. 

 there exist representations of him engaged in one or other of almost all 

 the adventure* related of him, from his birth to the pyre on (Eta, in 

 bronse and marble, groupa and relievi ; on vanes, wall painting*, coin*, 

 gems, Ac. We give cuta of a small bronze statue and the bust just 

 mentioned ; both the originals are in the British Museum. The bronze, 

 which U in all 3 feet 6 inches high, the figure of the hero being 2 feet 

 6 incheR high, was found in 1775, at Jebel, the site of the ancient 

 Bybios, on the coast of Syria; it appears to be of the school of 

 Lyaippus, and may possibly be a work of the master himself. 



Brouze Statue of Heracles. 



The head, which is of colossal size, was dug up from under the lava 

 at the foot of Mount Vesuvius, and presented to the British Museum 

 by Sir William Hamilton. 



(Mailer's Domini, and the authors whom he quotes ; Prolegomena ; 

 ArduOHogie dtr Kuntt, and DenkmOler der Alien KunH ', ; Buttmann's 

 Mytlinloffta ; and Thirlwall's and Grote's ffutariet of Greece.) 



HERACLI'D^E.thedesoendants of Heracles. According to tradition, 

 after the death of Heracles his children took refuge in Attica, in order 

 to escape the persecution of Eurystheus. They were hospitably received 

 by Theseus, and with the assistance of the Athenians defeated Kurys- 

 theus. After the battle, the Heraclidsc are said to have obtained 

 possession of the whole of Peloponnesus ; but they had not remained 

 in the country long before a pestilence again drove them back to 

 Attica. They attempted soon afterwards to march again into Pelo- 

 ponnesus, but were met at the Isthmus by an army consisting of 

 Arcadians, Ionian*, and Achteans. In a single battle with Echemus, 

 king of Tegea, Hyllus, the eldest son of Heracles, was slain, and the 

 Hrraclid*) promised not to invade Peloponnesus for a hundred years 

 from that time. (Herod., ix. 26 ; Pausan., i. 41.) They did not, how- 

 ever, observe their engagement ; for both Cleodteus, son of Hyllus, and 

 his grandson Arixtomachus, renewed the attempt, but without success. 

 The HeraclidtB retreated to Doris, where they obtained a considerable 

 army to assist them in the recovery of their dominions. With the 

 aid of an /Etolian chief named Oxylus, they crowed from Naupactus 

 to the southern side of the Corinthian Gulf eighty years after the 



Trojan war. (Tlmcyd., i. 12.) A battle took place between the 

 Dorians under the command of the sons of Aristomachus and the 

 I'eloponneauuiH under that of Tisameniu, the grandson of Agamemnon, 

 in which the latter were defeated, and all Peloponnesus, except Arcadia 

 ind Achaa, fell into the hands of the Heraclidee. Klin was assigned to 

 Oxylus, and the rest of the Peloponnesus was divided between the 

 three sons of AriHtmnachus; Temenus obtained possession of Argos, 

 Cresphontes of Measenia, and Aristodemus, or his sons Eurysthenes 

 and Procles (for, according to the general tradition, Aristodemus did 

 not live to enter Peloponnesus), of Lacediemon. The land of the 

 conquered country was divided among the Dorians, and the old 

 inhabitants were obliged to emigrate, or were reduced to an inferior 

 caste. (Pausan., ii. 18 ; iii. 1 ; iv. 3.) 



Such in the traditional account of that important event in Grecian 

 history, usually called " the return of the Heraclidrc." by which the 

 Dorians obtained possession of the greater part of the Peloponnesus. 

 It is asserted by the universal tradition of antiquity th.-it the Dorians 

 were led to this conquest by Achicau chiefs ; but this fact has been 

 doubted by many modem writers, who have considered it improbable 

 that the Dorians should have been commanded by foreign chiefs. It 

 has been supposed that the Heraclidu; were the hereditary princes of 

 the Doric race, who were descended from a Dorian Heracles ; and that 

 the story of the Heraelidte being descended from the Argive Heracles, 

 who performed the commands of Eurystheus, was not invented till 

 after the conquest of the Peloponnesus. (Mailer's 'Dorians,' vol. i., 

 p. 57, Eng. Transl.) Though the general tradition assigned the com- 

 plete conquest of Peloponnesus to the sons of Aristomachus, it 

 appears probable from other traditions that the greater part of the 

 Peloponnesus was not reduced by the Dorians till long afterwards. 

 (Thiil wall's ' Hist, of Greece,' vol. i.) 



HERALD, an officer whose duty, during the middle ages, was to 

 carry challenges or peaceful messages from one sovereign or nobleman 

 to another, to proclaim peace or war, to lay out the lists in jousts or 

 tournaments, to be witness of all combats whether general or par- 

 ticular, and to record in writing the names of those who behaved most 

 valiantly, to number the dead after battle, and specially to supervise all 

 matters connected with the bearing of coat-armour, the marshalling of 

 processions, and other state ceremonies. His functions were some- 

 thing like those of the Greek kenuc (Vw{). an( l the Roman Fccialii ; 

 but the origin of the name is much disputed, and the actual date of 

 the institution uncertain. The word Htraldia occurs in the imperial 

 constitutions of Frederick Barbarossa, in 1152, about the same time to 

 which the origin of heraldry is with most reason assigned. The 

 earliest mention as yet discovered, of a herald in England is in a pell- 

 roll of the 12th of Edward III. ; but there is little doubt that the 

 office existed as early at least as the dawn of hereditary coat-armour. 

 The English heralds were first incorporated by Richard III. [HERALDS' 

 COLLEGE.] There are three orders or grades of heralds, namely, 

 kings of or at arms, heralds, and pursuivants. They were anciently 

 created with much ceremony, and the mode is curiously detailed by 

 Gerard Legh apud Upton. " It is necessary," says he, " that all 

 estates should have couriers as their messengers for the expedition of 

 their business, whose office is to pass and repass on foot, being clad in 

 their prince's colours ' parted upright ;' that is to say, half of one 

 colour and half of another, with the arms of their sovereigns painted 

 on the boxes in which they carried their despatches, and which were 

 fixed to their girdle on the left side. It was not permitted to them to 

 bear the arms of their lord in any other manner." " They were 

 knights," he adds, " in their offices, ibut not nobles, and were called 

 knights caligate of arms, because they wore ' startuppes ' (a sort ..f 

 boot or gaiter) to the middle leg." " When they had conducted them- 

 selves properly in this situation for seven years, they were made 

 chevaliers of arms, and rode on horseback to deliver their sovereign's 

 messages, clad in one colour, their garments being only guarded or 

 trimmed with the colours of their sovereign, and bearing their boxes 

 aforesaid, with the arms painted on them, on the left shoulder, ' and 

 not elsewhere.' " From these runners and riders the three orders of 

 heralds were supplied, the chevalier of arms, having served another 

 seven years, being created a pursuivant in the following manner : The 

 herald of the province, to whom he was to be pursuivant, wearing his 

 coat of arms, took the candidate by his left hand, holding in his right 

 a cup of silver, filled with wine and water, and leading him to hio 

 sovereign, in the presence of many witnesses duly summoned for this 

 purpose, inquired by what name the pursuivant was to be ci 

 and upon the sovereign's answer proclaimed his style 

 pouring some of the wine and water upon his bare head. He then 

 invested him with the tabard, or herald's coat, emblazoned with tin- 

 arms of the sovereign, but so that the sleeves hung upon his breast 

 and back, and the front and hind parts of the tabard \>-r hi- arm*, in 

 whii-h curious fashion he was to wear it till he l> <ld. Strntt 



has given a representation pf the pursuivant HO attired from tin- liar- 

 MS. 2278, without being aware of the distinction. Tin- <>.dh of 

 office wan then administered to him, and liistly the sovereign presented 

 him with the silver cup aforesaid. Having omv IHM-II madr pursuivant, 

 he might be created a herald, " even the next day." which wa.s dim,- l>y 

 the principal herald or king of arms leading him in lik. m:uim-r In-fore 

 the sovereign, but bearing a gilt instead of n silver cup, and turning 

 ird HO that the sleeves hung in their proper place over ih 



