M7 



HERALDRY. 



I.DRY. 



HI 



The Treasure i oommunly supposed to be half 

 the bro-i.lt h of the Orle, aud u generally borne 

 double, and what u called flcury and counter- 

 fleury, at in the royal achievement of Scotland. 



The Flanchea are formed by two curved lines 

 nearly meeting in the centre, thtu : 



The Flasques may be called the diminutives of 

 the Planches, and the Voider* the diminutives of the 

 Flaaques, as the only difference is in the quantity of 

 the shield which they occupy. 



The Lozenge is of the shape of the Diamond in a 

 playing-card. A shield so divided by diagonal lines 

 as to form several of such figures is called Lozengy. 



J 



The Fusil, called also a Spindle, is longer and 

 narrower than the Lozenge. A shield so divided by 

 lines as to form several of such figures is called 

 Fusily ; and if parted per pale and per bend, would 

 be either Loxengy-bendy or Fusily-bendy, according 

 to the width of the space between the. lines. 



The Maude is of the same form as the Lozenge ; 

 but hollowed out, or, in heraldic term, Voided, so as 

 form a mere frame of that shape. 



The Rustre is a similar figure, but pierced or 

 voided round, instead of square, thus : 



To these some heralds add the Inescutcheon, which is a small shield 

 placed in the centre or top point of the escutcheon ; but this, except 

 when borne as an escutcheon of pretence, may, in our opinion, lie 

 ranked amongst the common charges, as may also the lozenge, the fusil, 

 the rnascle, and the rustre. 



We have next to speak of difference!, so called from their being 

 particular marks borne to distinguish persons of the same family 

 from one another. While heraldry was arbitrary, the son frequently 

 assumed arms perfectly different from those of his father ; but in the 

 time of Edward I. we find two marks generally considered as family 

 differences or signs of cadency, the Border and the LaM. 



The Border is, as its name denotes, a guard or 

 edging to the shield, and by the French heralds is 

 accounted an ordinary. The border should always 

 be in width one-fifth of the breadth of the shiH.l 

 itself, and stops when it encounters a chirf, a 

 quarter, or a canton, but passes over all other ordi- 

 naries. If the interior line U not plain or even, it 

 must be described as enifraiUd, infected, tc. When 

 di\ idi-d into four equal part*, it is called a Imrdrr quarterly. When 

 divided into small squares of different colours, it is called a border 

 yottmaUd, or t/olmuy, or rnmpony. Wln-n in tiro rows of squares, it is 

 called a border counttr-compon >/. When into three rows of squares, it is 

 called chtcl,,. 



The Label, or File, OH it in sometimes called, is a sort of fillet from 

 which depend generally three or five hunbeauz, or points, thus, 



It U sometimes however said to have been borne as a common 

 charge, and is to be found only with one point and with a* many as 

 nine : other authorities consider it always as a difference. The label of 

 three points is now always used as the difference of the heir or eldest 

 on of the first house. 



K, T t he second son the difference is a crwoeat 

 For the third, a mullet, or star of five points 

 Fur the fourth, a martlet 



For the fifth, an annulet 

 For the sixth, a fleur-de-lys 



For the seventh, a rose 



For the eighth, a cross moliue 



For the ninth, a double quaterfoil 



These are called the differences of the first house ; and by the six 

 first, the six sons of Thomas Beauchamp, earl of Warwick (temp. 

 Kilward III.) are distinguished in it window of St. Mary's Church at 

 Warwick. 



The children of the second house are distinguished by the first son 

 bearing a crescent charged with a label : the second, a crescent 

 charged with a crescent ; the third, a crescent charged with a in 

 aud so on. 



The junior branches of the royal family are however distinguished 

 by the label only, the Prince of Wales bearing it simply argent, and 

 the rest differenced by various charges, a practice as ancient as the 

 reign of Richard II. 



In the general term dicuyci we comprise all descriptions of figures 

 borne in coat-armour, whether things animate or inanimate, real or 

 imaginary, everything in short contained in or placed upon the i-l 

 but those we have above-mentioned are to be distinguished from the 

 common charges, by which expressions are understood all other. 



Many of these, such as crosses and crosslets in all their variety, 

 escalop shells, bezants (the golden coins of Byzantium, or Constanti- 

 nople), Saracens' heads, &c., were assumed during the Crusades, or 

 after the return of the Crusaders, by themselves or their famil 

 commemoration of those expeditions. Others, such as beasts, biid-. 

 fishes, reptiles, trees, flowers, the sun, moon, stars, Ac., were borne 

 either as types of the peculiar dispositions or qualities, or as demiting 

 by some similarity of sound in the pronunciation the names of the 

 bearers. Such have been called with us canting or punning arms, and 

 by the French artiic* parlania. It has been the fashion with modern 

 heralds to decry this species of bearing; to account it of rare 

 occurrence in ancient heraldry, and less honourable where it did occur : 

 but recent investigations prove it to have been one of th< 

 frequent as well as most ancient descriptions of charges, aud as 

 worthy of respect as any other. It has indeed been suggested that 

 the bearing frequently gave rise to the surname itself. This is hmv- 

 ever a mere conjecture ; but the grants of arms which 

 handed down to us prove incontestablyth.it when sovereigns de,! 

 express their approbation of noble or useful deeds by such .i 

 tions, the name of the person to be honoured was frequently expressed 

 by tin- charge, instead of the act he had performed, winch would 

 never have been the case had it been considered in those days as an 

 inferior bearing. An acquaintance also with the languageof the iuti..n 

 in' I time iii which the anus were first granted or assumed, as also of 

 <mnri:itiuti, is of the greatest ini|K>rtance to this qiu '-lion. :uil 

 such researches may yet shed much light upon the origin and lr 

 of heraldry. The Cornish family of Qodolphin bear a white eagle ; but 

 those who are unacquainted with the ancient Cornish language would 

 be far from guessing that a white eagle was called in that language, 

 Oodolcan, a very near approach to the name of the bearer. A third 

 species of allusive bearings is that which designates the place or office 

 of the Individual ; and many charges appear in the arms of our 

 nobility derived from ancestors who h.;- cms of high 



honour or great trust under our early monarch*; and lastly, u fourth 

 portion have been assumed, as Camden has exemplified, in honour of 

 the feudal lord, or most powerful neighbouring chief, or been conceded 

 to the bearer by such nobleman as a mark of respect or affection. 



The crest is the next object in point of antiquity to the shield. It 



