HOMESTEAD. 



HOMILY. 



Too 



Returning from this point, and reaching the turn-table, you have, 

 right and loft, and before you, the cattle-boxes, 44 in number, intended 

 for the use of 30 Urge beasts, each occupying an entire box, and 

 88 young beasts, (tending two in a box. Turning to the right, you 

 paat along toe south branch of the transept, with cattle-boxes on each 

 aide of you, till you enter the cow-houae, which occupiei the centre 

 portion of the south aide of the premises. Mere U room provided for 

 SO dairy cowi, 20 in stalls, tied up, and boxes for 10, intended for 

 the calving oowa and their offspring. Attached to this department in 

 the cow-yard, constructed to accommodate 14 cows, with room for 

 20 calves, on stages and boxes. There is also provision made for 

 tying up 12 beasts, on the old st*ll-sy*tein, and for four bulls two old 

 and two young ones. On turning to your left, at the turn-table, on 

 coming away from the sheep-house, yon pass between the other end of 

 the double row uf cattle-boxes, and come out into the yard in front of 

 the row of buildings composing the cart-horse stable (for 12 horses, 

 with two loose boxes), harness-houses, sheds for implements, Ac. &c. ; 

 these occupy one side, the north Me of the yard ; the west side being 

 occupied by sheds and inclosed yards for young stock, colts, and for 

 other purposes. 



The piggeries are placed, as stated at the commencement uf the 

 description of the part of the buildings devoted to the reception of 

 cattle, on your left hand as you proceed westward down the main 

 avenue. They contain boxes walled in, for eight breeding sows and 

 their young, for two boon, and for a score of fat pigs; each box having 

 an inner and an outer compartment, or rather having an open yard 

 attached to it, so that the inmates can enjoy themselves in the open 

 air or under cover at will. 



For this account of the Coleshill buildings we are indebted to the 

 WUUhire Independent' 



2. Tkc Englcjield farmery. The buildings are centrally placed. 

 They consist first of a block, about 50 feet by 100 feet, covered in by 

 a double span roof, under which are 42 boxes six single rows of seven 

 each the rows being separated alternately by three narrow gangways 

 for feeding, and two wider gangways for carts entering to remove the 

 dung. Each box has a manger for roots and hay and a trough for 

 water. They are separated by rough paling, and the cattle are 

 hindered from dirtying these troughs by a loose pole which they have 

 to lift before they can get at their manger. 



Another block of buildings of the same length includes threshing 

 machines, granary, root-house, chaff-house, steam-house, and steam 

 power (a fixed 10-horse engine consuming 8 cwt. a day of coals, and 

 worked now about three days in the week). Between the two the 

 space is roofed over and occupied as a straw house. The steam power 

 is conveyed by strap to a longitudinal shaft upstairs, from which straps 

 on pulleys carry it to the threshing-machine, turnip-cutter, two pairs 

 of mill stones, two chaff-cutters, cake-crusher, and corn-bruiser. 



The steam power is used to cut the roots for two days' supply by 

 means of Samuelson's largest Banbury cutter, and to cut hay chaff at 

 the rate of 5 tons in a day, two men feeding the chaff-cutter, and to 

 crush oats and crack beans by Turner's capital machine for the purpose 

 all at one and the same time. 



On the south side of this block of cattle boxes is a shed for imple- 

 ments. On the west side is a range of stables, lofty and airy, with no 

 particular nicety, but great convenience, of internal arrangement, and 

 on the other side as a lean-to there are shedding and yards for the 

 calves, of which 50 or 60 are kept in three divisions, provided with 

 racks for straw and mangers for the roots, and chaff, and coke. North 

 of the threshing machinery and barns are six long rows of open 

 roofing for storing away the com. The implement shed, barns, straw 

 house, granaries, and corn-shed thus succeed one another as you go 

 northwards. East of this range is a cow byre, nag stalls, slaughter- 

 houses, poultry-house, 4c., on two sides of a square, thus sheltering a 

 yard for cows and calves from the north and east, and lying alongside 

 of the cattle boxes, and another square of pigsties and yards lying 

 alongside of the granaries and threshing machinery. The corresponding 

 pace eastward of the rows of corn sheds remains to be occupied l>y 

 beds and yards for cows, if it should be resolved to establish a herd 

 of short-hums. The threshing machinery was erected by Clayton & 

 ShutUeworth, of Lincoln. The buildings were planned by Mr. Benyon 

 and hi* steward, and erected by the workmen of the estate at a cost of 

 about 3000/. 



3. Tht Hainuhill farmery has been erected from the plans of 

 Mussis. Beadel and Chancellor, London, and their leading feature 

 extensive yards under lofty roofing is more or lets carried out at 

 all the other homesteads which those gentlemen have erected on the 

 state. The main block of buildings occupies a ground plan of about 

 140 feet by 100. There is a lofty range on the long side, which runs 

 north and south, and from the middle of this projects a shorter piece 

 of the same height towards the east, while the main block is an 

 extension for about 100 feet westwards of the same roof of its full 

 length, generally, however, of a somewhat lower elevation. The lofty 

 range includes in iU centre a very complete threshing machinery, 

 worked by a steam-engine of 8-horse power all erected by Messrs. 

 Bansome, of Ipswich. On the one side of this centre-piece lie the 

 granaries above and cattle food stores with chaff house below ; and on 

 the other side lie hay ami chaffing apparatus above and roots below. 

 The hay is put in, from the cart or waggon outside, on the level of the 



upper floor, the roots are thrown in from the ground floor below. The 

 corn to be threshed is thrown in on the upper floor at the end of the 

 arm of the buildings which projects eastward ; the ground floor of that 

 piece being occupied by carpenters' shops. The corn fed into the 

 uachine on the upper floor passiffl downwards, the chaff is Mown out 

 in-low ; the straw reappears, being lifted by the clever elevating shaker 

 employed by Messrs. Bansome in their fixed barn machinery ; and the 

 corn being winnowed on its descent is brought upwards in elevators 

 and passed through another winnower before it reaches the separators, 

 from which it U delivered in sacks on the granary level. These are at 

 once wheeled off to the stores, while the straw is carried away and 

 stored on a floor on the same level, which extends under the iiffhsr 

 [tart of the roof right over the covered yard below, from which it is 

 : hrown down for the supply of the yards. 



From this floor you look down upon the yard below, and you see that 

 the space is divided by three parallel gangways, extending westward 

 from the north and south line of stores of chaff and roots, parallel with 

 the sides of the yard. The two side gangways are about 4 or 5 yards 

 [roiu the side wails, the middle gangway extends down the centre of 

 the intervening space. As you walk down one of these side gangways, 

 you have on either hand the boxes in which the farm horses are kept 

 solitarily, most complete in all their equipment with manger, water- 

 trough, &c., only boarded up so high as to make it a case of complete 

 solitary confinement except in so for as each has a look out on the 

 gangway. As you walk down the other side gangway you have on one 

 band first boxes for cows, then little yards for sows with litters. On 

 the other hand you have three yards each for six or eight cattle, either 

 dairy stock, fatting beasts, or young and growing heifers and steers. 

 The central gangway under the straw floor from which you see all 

 this, has upon pne hand a long range of sparred flooring divided into 

 yards for ton or a dozen sheep each, and containing in all about 

 score useful Hampshire Down tegs, evidently in thriving condition. 

 On the other hand, and between you and the horse boxea, lies another 

 series of yards for fatting cattle. The yards are sheltered on the 

 north and east by the highest portion of the erection, and being also 

 walled up on the sides to the roof, they are left for the most part 

 open on the western side. The ridge lines of the roof ore glass, and 

 there is ample window room for light, so that light and ventilation are 

 provided along with perfect shelter. 



t from this main block of buildings lie the steward's house and 

 out-houses, including an exceedingly neatly and even elegantly equipped 

 dairy, a bake-house, slaughter-house, poultry-house and poultry yard. 



The western and open side of the building presents a very tasteful 

 elevation towards the mansion, which, at the distance of half a mile or 

 more, presents its old Elizabethan gables amidst the wooded park. 



On the same estate there are other good homesteads. Those at 

 Hiuton for instance, while evidently on a similar plan with that of the 

 home premises at Hoineshill, though on a smaller scale, are in some 

 of their features superior. They, like the Uaineshill ones, include yards 

 open to the south sheltered by a lofty roof supported on slender 

 iron columns and surrounded by a wall on the north side, and by a 

 range of barns on the west, and of granaries, root-stores, chaff-house, 

 and stables on the east. The stables are thus open to the outer air, 

 though well under the shelter of the roof, and the horses are arranged 

 in pair stalls with swinging divisions. The central yard is surrounded 

 by a gangway and includes divisions for cows, for fatting cat i 

 calves and yearlings, with pens for swine. The floor is asphalte. 



In addition to these descriptive notices, it must .--ulliee to say, that 

 the cost of good buildings is well repaid by the increased annual value 

 of tl i' estate. Shelter for live stock, and safety for produce, and for 

 both cattle and implements, are always worth paying for; and the tenant 

 of good land will not grudge as additional rent, a good per centage on 

 the landlord's outlay in providing him with the necessary buildings. 



HOM1C1UE, in the English law, dignifies the killing of one man by 

 another. Homicide is of three kinds : justifiable, ex> 

 felonious. Justifiable homicide is when the death is caused by the 

 performance of an act of unavoidable necessity, where no sha< I 

 blame can be attached to the party killing, as soldiers in action, 

 persons defending their own lives, &c. Excusable homicide is < 

 kinds, by misadventure, and in self-defence ; the first is where a man 

 doing a lawful act, and using proper precautions, unfortunately kills 

 another; the second, where a person in oYiVmling himself from an 

 assault of a less serious nature than the second instance of ju.-t 

 homicide In-fore mentioned, kills tin- "(lender; and this it is often 

 difficult to distinguish from manslaughter, in the legal sense of tin- 



nioug homicide is the offence of murder; for the legal definition 

 of which crime see MuHDER. 



HOMILY (6iu\la), in ecclesiastical writers, is a familiar discourse on 

 a religious subject In the earliest ages of the church the words 

 $crmmi (kiyos) anil li'imil;/ appear to Lave been used indifferently; 

 but rimtius distinguishes the homily from the sermon, as being a 

 familiar conversation, in which the preacher and people interrogated 

 each other. 



All the homilies of the Greek and Latin fathers were composed by 

 bishops, for before the 6th century none but bisho]>s were allowed to 

 preach. We have good specimens of this sort of composition extant 

 among the works of Chrysostom, Gregory, and other fathers. The 



