178 ADMINISTRATIVE SECTION 



large city advocated the wholesale removal of children 

 during summer to the country by the authorities as a 

 means of reducing infant morbidity. 



Other cities depended on chemical analyses and 

 such inspections as existed to reduce the sickness due 

 to milk. That these were not recognized as sufficient 

 is shown by the following exclamation of a Philadelphia 

 physician in 1878 : l 



"Three inspectors to preserve the life, vitality, 

 and nourishment of 150,000 children! Why, it will 

 take a dozen capable inspectors to guard against the 

 adulteration of milk one of the greatest outrages of the 

 day against our mild-mannered, long-suffering public." 



The excessive infant mortality was also attracting 

 the attention of health anthorities on account of its 

 increase in large cities, and their milk supplies were 

 becoming more and more implicated. In addition to 

 causing disease by reason of unwholesomeness and 

 impoverishment, milk had been shown to be a carrier 

 of disease. 



In the Annual Report of the Massachusetts State 

 Board of Health for 1871, evidence had been presented 

 showing that foot and mouth disease was transmitted 

 by drinking the milk of infected cows, and it was 

 evidently suspected that other diseases could also 

 be so contracted. In consequence there were 

 gradually incorporated in laws and regulations pro- 

 visions to prevent such occurrences. The first of 

 these appears to have been aimed at the prevention 

 of the diseases with which cows themselves might be 

 afflicted. 2 



As time went on, evidence rapidly accumulated to 

 show that other diseases could be so transmitted. In 

 1857, in Scotland, Taylor had observed an outbreak 



1 Medical Record, November 9, 1878, Editorial. 



2 A copy of the Michigan law of 1873 appears on p. 206 

 of the Annual Report of the State Board of Health for 1882. 



