184 ADMINISTRATIVE SECTION 



by publication and distribution of the methods and 

 standards as prescribed from time to time. 1 



Control of the other grades mentioned comes for 

 the most part under official agencies, wherever 

 exercised, and involves the inspection and scoring of 

 dairies, the issue of permits to producers, the notifica- 

 tion of cases of sickness on the farm, the licensing of 

 milk distributors, the inspection of milk depots and 

 milk shipments, and the routine examination of milk 

 samples with respect to adulteration, temperature, 

 bacterial counts, &c. 



Both certified and inspected milk are properly the 

 product of tuberculin-tested cows, but in the case of 

 the latter tuberculin tests have in most places been 

 impracticable of enforcement. In other respects there 

 has been diversity of requirements and enforcement, 

 and in order to encourage uniformity there was 

 organized at the instance of the New York Milk 

 Committee in 1911 a national volunteer commission, 

 composed of eminent authorities on the milk question, 

 which should formulate reasonable standards for adop- 

 tion by public health authorities generally. The 

 results of their work were published and widely distri- 

 buted by the United States Public Health Service. 2 

 The Federal Government, through its bureau of 

 animal industry also, has in many ways given impetus 

 to the improvement of market milk supplies. 



The responsibility for the safety of municipal milk 

 supplies, however, devolves primarily on local authori- 

 ties, and they have large powers in this respect. In a 

 decision of the Supreme Court of the United States, 

 rendered May 12, 1913, the right of a municipality 

 to require inspections and tuberculin testing of milk 

 producing herds outside its boundaries, as a condition 



1 Public Health Reports, Reprint from, No. 85, " Methods and 

 Standards for the Production and Distribution of Certified Milk." 



2 Public Health Repotts, Reprint from, No. 78. 



