

DR. W. G. SAVAGE'S PAPER 191 



enforcing these orders and regulations. The ex- 

 penses of working- them fall locally, both administra- 

 tively and as concerns individuals ; the profit in the 

 shape of clean milk is for some urban population, 

 perhaps far away, who contribute nothing to the 

 expense and who pay no higher price for the clean 

 milk. It is hardly necessary to go further in explana- 

 tion of the failure of these regulations. 



That many cowkeepers take steps, and sometimes 

 efficient steps, to collect their milk pure and transmit it 

 properly, is a fact we are all glad to recognize, but they 

 do so either on their own initiative or because of the 

 regulations of the Milk Company to which they send 

 their milk, and very rarely because of official pressure 

 and supervision. 



Control must be removed from the Rural District 

 Councils, who have neglected their duties and have 

 notably failed to insist that even the most reasonable 

 structural conditions and precautions in milking are 

 adopted. 



If they are not to control milk production two 

 sets of authorities only remain County Councils 

 and the Urban Authorities. In my book, " Milk 

 and the Public Health," I have suggested that a 

 special form of urban control is the most desir- 

 able. Urban Authorities should be given power to 

 prohibit, after reasonable notice and warning, the 

 milk of all cow-keepers who neglect necessary pre- 

 cautions and whose , milk is therefore heavily 

 bacterially contaminated, from being sold n their 

 districts. With the precautions and conditions which 

 I have elsewhere described, I think that this is the 

 procedure which will be most efficacious. This plan 

 does not, however, seem to be within the range of 

 practical politics at the present time, and I do not 

 propose to discuss it further. Also during the iast 

 few years County Councils have advanced con- 

 siderably along the road of sanitary administration, 



