DR. W. G. SAVAGE'S PAPER 193 



individual is usually totally ignorant of the bacterial 

 content of his milk and is completely apathetic on 

 the subject. To him good milk means milk rich in 

 cream, and he knows no other standard by which to 

 judge it, and all his wrath is reserved for the milk 

 vendor who defrauds him of his cream. Naturally 

 clean, .safe milk obtains, no higher price and is not 

 more in demand than dirty or tuberculous milk. 

 There are, of course, numerous enlightened consumers, 

 but they are, from the monetary point of view, a 

 negligible quantity. 



(3) The Cow-keeper must be Educated up to the 

 Necessity of Providing Clean Milk. Nothing is more 

 striking in the whole of the milk problem than the 

 fact that cow-keepers, as a class, are quite unaware 

 how grossly faulty are their methods of milk collection 

 and transmission. Speaking from an extensive 

 experience, I have found that the average farmer, 

 while he admits that perhaps a little more attention 

 is necessary, yet thinks that very little is wrong, and 

 he frequently is genuinely indignant when he is told 

 that his methods of procedure and the sanitary con- 

 ditions of his cowsheds are highly unsatisfactory. 



To mention one example. He does not in the 

 least see why stacking his manure just behind the 

 cowsheds, an arrangement which he has seen 

 practised all his life and which is so eminently con- 

 venient for farm purposes, should be considered bad. 

 He has for so long regarded his milk business 

 as part of, and to be worked with and on the 

 level of, his other farm operations, that any special 

 consideration for it which conflicts with the proper 

 development of other farm operations strikes him 

 as not only unreasonable but preposterous. That 

 manure should be left for days unremoved from the 

 cowsheds and from the cows he admits is not quite 

 as it should be, but if he can advance the fact that the 

 men were busy at harvest or elsewhere, it seems to 



