194 ADMINISTRATIVE SECTION 



him a quite sufficient explanation. Put briefly, the 

 average farmer does not in the least recognize the 

 special obi i gat ions of milk collection and transmission, 

 and we shall never get clean, milk until this need for 

 special persistent care is brought home to him. 

 Naturally so long as dirty milk commands the price 

 of clean milk, he will not be -a very teachable person. 



The Transmission of Milk Cool. The essential 

 point in the satisfactory transmission of milk is to 

 initially cool it properly. I have published elsewhere 

 a number of experiments which demonstrate how very 

 slowly milk cools in bulk, and what a long time is 

 taken by milk properly cooled to increase to*a tempera- 

 ture favouring bacterial multiplication. 



At the present time in my experience only a small 

 proportion of farmers themselves cool their milk 

 before transmission. On the other hand, a consider- 

 able and an increasing part of the milk transmitted 

 by rail to the big towns is sent first to milk depots 

 adjacent to stations and there, as a rule, it is cooled 

 before transmission, at least in the summer. 



In addition to initial cooling, there is the question 

 of keeping cold in transit. The need for rapid transit 

 is fairly well met, but there is need for more special 

 transit. Special well-ventilated trucks are required. 

 If milk is properly cooled I do not think that refri- 

 gerator vans are necessary. Of course proper types 

 of churn, &c., are required. 



It will be convenient to put together the chief 

 points and principles mentioned above as necessary 

 for effective administrative control of the milk 

 supply : 



(1) Apart from chemical sophistication the essen- 

 tial sources of milk contamination are at the farm, 

 and it is there that the main control must be exercised. 



(2) Administrative control must be removed from 

 the hands of the rural and small Sanitary Authorities, 

 who are largely financially influenced in or by the 

 milk trade. 



