232 ADMINISTRATIVE SECTION 



tuberculosis, so that with them the whole problem was simply 

 one of delivering clean milk to the people in order to avoid 

 diarrhoea, dysentery, &c. They could manage it in the 

 towns. In the town of Ebo, a town of about 25,000 people, 

 they did not allow any milk seller to sell milk unless he was 

 licensed. The licence was called a permit, and was freely 

 given. No milk seller was given a licence unless he milked 

 in the municipal dairy. The municipal dairy delivered steri- 

 lized vessels, into which he milked either his cows or his 

 buffaloes. After the milk was in the buckets it was passed 

 through a strainer which had also been sterilized, after 

 which the milk was passed into pint bottles, which were 

 sealed in such a way that they could only be opened by 

 breaking the seal. Buffalo milk was put into tins which 

 were sealed by a piece of string in which there were no 

 knots. A knot on the string was a sure sign that it had 

 been condemned. In that way they delivered a perfectly 

 pure milk in Ebo, but they still had the problem, and he 

 was hoping to have heard some solution of it that morning 

 as to how they could deliver pure milk to their smaller com- 

 munities which, as he had said, represented about half the 

 total population. 



The CHAIRMAN said that so far in the discussion nobody 

 had mentioned one plan which she saw at Toronto last year 

 and which had been in force there for about eighteen 

 months. With the object of securing in the first place clean 

 milk at all the railways, inspectors went with a little 

 measure and took samples of the milk. They forced the 

 milk through a little disc to show how much dirt, if any, 

 there was in the milk, and if the dirt on the disc amounted 

 to a certain quantity then the cans were sent back from 

 the station to the farmers. They were labelled with a big 

 red label and a little cochineal was put into the milk so that 

 it could not be sold again. It did not hurt the milk and 

 it could be given to pigs, but Dr. Hastings, the medical 

 officer of health there, had told her that that had had a 

 great effect in stimulating the supply of a clean milk because 

 the farmers disliked nothing more than seeing their cans 

 come back to them with the big red label on. The health 

 authorities in Toronto asked the dairy farmers if they 

 would like to have visits from the inspectors with a view 

 to entering into competition. There were various marks 

 given for the milk and the inspectors visited the farms and 

 the names of those who came out best were exhibited in 

 the City Hall. That again, she was informed, had had a 

 very considerable effect in inducing the farmers to look 

 more carefully after their milk. In addition to that, they 

 took samples of the milk for examination from the point 



