DR. J. W. BALLANTYNE'S PAPER 345 



grades with slight modifications and passed an ordin- 

 ance forbidding the sale of the lowest grade in any 

 eating place in the city. It is now considering an 

 ordinance forbidding the sale of " loose " or " dipped " 

 milk in any but certain dairy stores properly certified 

 by the department. 



The deaths under one year in New York City 

 have dropped in two years from 125*6 to 105 '3 per 

 1,000. That this is the result of a city- wide campaign 

 directed principally against summer diarrhoea cannot 

 be gainsaid. If we are to make a further reduction 

 other lines of work must be mapped out, such as 

 pre-natal instruction in an effort to reduce the number 

 of deaths from so-called congenital debility. If we 

 are to reduce the mortality and morbidity, then no 

 detail which pertains to the care of milk in the home 

 must be neglected. Such efforts can be best derived 

 from milk stations, infant welfare centres, public 

 lectures, and last but not least, newspaper publicity. 



THIRD SESSION, AUGUST 5. 



The third session of the Section was held on Tuesday 

 morning, under the chairmanship of Dr. C. A. Hodgetts 

 (Medical Adviser to the Commission of Conservation of 

 Canada). 



In the absence of Dr. BALLANTYNE his paper was read 

 by Dr. SALEEBY. 



ANTE-NATAL HYGIENE. 

 BY J. W. BALLANTYNE, M.D., F.R.C.P.E., F.R.S EDIN. 



Physician to the Rova' Maternity Ho*f>ital, Edinburgh; /<>rme>-ly Lecturer , A't-nntal 

 Pathologv and Teratology in the University of Edinburgh, and in the Mcdit.alCKtdna.its 

 College and Polyclinic, London. 



ANTE-NATAL hygiene may be said to have to do with 

 all that makes for and tends to preserve the health of 

 the infant before birth, with everything which pre- 

 vents or resists the poisoning of the springs of life. 

 It is, therefore, the great subject of prevention of 



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