ENQUIRY INTO PLANTS, I. i. 4-6 



either take account of the external parts and the 

 form of the plant generally, or else of their internal 

 parts : the latter method corresponds to the study of 

 animals by dissection. 



Further we must consider which parts belong to 

 all plants alike, which are peculiar to some one 

 kind, and which of those which belong to all alike 

 are themselves alike in all cases ; for instance, leaves 

 roots bark. And again, if in some cases analogy 

 ought to be considered (for instance, an analogy 

 presented by animals), we must keep this also in 

 view ; and in that case we must of course make the 

 closest resemblances and the most perfectly de- 

 veloped examples our standard ; l and, finally, the 

 ways in which the parts of plants are affected must be 

 compared to the corresponding effects in the case of 

 animals, so far as one can in any given case find an 

 analogy for comparison. So let these definitions 

 stand. 



The. essential parts of plants, and the materials of which 



they are made. 



Now the differences in regard to parts, to take 

 a general view, are of three kinds: either one plant 

 may possess them and another not (for instance, 

 leaves and fruit), or in one plant they maybe unlike 

 in appearance or size to those of another, or, thirdly, 

 they may be differently arranged. Now the unlike- 

 ness between them is seen in form, colour, closeness of 

 arrangement or its opposite, roughness or its opposite, 

 and the other qualities ; and again there are the 

 various differences of flavour. The inequality is seen 

 in excess or defect as to number or size, or, to speak 

 generally, 2 all the above-mentioned differences too 



