ENQUIRY INTO PLANTS, I. i. 6-9 



are included under excess and defect: for the ' more ' 

 and the ' less ' are the same thing as excess and 

 defect, whereas c differently arranged ' implies a 

 difference of position ; for instance, the fruit may 

 be above or below the leaves, 1 and, as to position on 

 the tree itself, the fruit may grow on the apex of it 

 or on the side branches, and in some cases even on 

 the trunk, as in the sycamore ; while some plants 

 again even bear their fruit underground, for in- 

 stance arakhidna* and the plant called in Egypt 

 ningon ; again in some plants the fruit has a stalk, in 

 some it has none. There is a like difference in the 

 floral organs : in some cases they actually surround 

 the fruit, in others they are differently placed 8 : in 

 fact it is in regard to the fruit, the leaves, and the shoots 

 that the question of position has to be considered. 



Or again there are differences as to symmetry 4 : 

 in some cases the arrangement is irregular, while the 

 branches of the silver-fir are arranged opposite one 

 another ; and in some cases the branches are at 

 equal distances apart, and correspond in number, as 

 where they are in three rows. 6 



Wherefore the differences between plants must 

 be observed in these particulars, since taken together 

 they shew forth the general character of each plant. 



But, before we attempt to speak about each, we 

 must make a list of the parts themselves. Now the 

 primary and most important parts, which are also 

 common to most, are these root, stem, branch, twig ; 

 these are the parts into which we might divide the 

 plant, regarding them as members, 6 corresponding to 



4 Plin. 16. 122. 5 i.e. ternate. 



8 i.t. if we wished to make an anatomical division. 

 conj. Sch. cf. 1. 2. 7 ; ^p-n Aid. 



II 



