78 COUNTER-EFFECTS OF THE 



would require to yield from 10 to 12 per cent, 

 before tenants could afford to give 6. More- 

 over, it ought always to be borne in mind by 

 landlords, that if improved practice is to flow 

 from a more extensive acquaintance with the 

 sciences, then improved practice must pay for 

 it. Education at agricultural schools and the 

 like is not procured by the farmer for his sons 

 without considerable expenses being incurred. 



Several practical questions arise out of what 

 has been said relative to the effect which such 

 schemes would have upon the different branches 

 of industry, agricultural, manufacturing, and 

 commercial, when reduced to practice. The 

 following three are the most important, which 

 we shall briefly consider. 



1. What effect will those schemes have 

 upon the wages of the agricultural labourer of 

 England and the Lowlands of Scotland, which 

 we have adopted as the standard level to 

 which we propose advancing those of Ireland 

 and the Highlands of Scotland ? It is very 

 obvious that spade husbandry, when in full 

 operation, will give employment to more than 

 double the present number of workmen. Such 

 being the case, what effect will its gradual 



