Xll 



CONTENTS. 



Resistance from friction to 

 Water entering Drains, how 

 overcome, and quantity of 

 Water which a Conduit of 

 1-inch pipes can discharge. 



105-109 



Danger of interruption to a 

 Conduit of Pipes uncol- 

 lared 109 



Controversy on deep and 

 shallow Draining . . . .110 



Operation of deep Drains in 

 the most retentive Soils, 

 the stiffest Clays . . . .112 



Reasons for presuming that 

 deeper Drains than four feet 

 now in use are not generally 

 required 114 



Deep-drained Lands are ca- 

 pable of absorbing more 

 Rain without superficial dis- 

 charge than shallow-drain- 

 ed Lands 115 



Authorities in favour of deep 

 Draining Sir Robert Peel, 



Earl of Lonsdale, Dukes of 

 Northumberland and Bed- 

 ford 115-118 



Warming and Ventilating re- 

 tentive Soils rank among 

 the most important effects 

 of Land Drainage . . . .119 



Amateur Draining, Draining 

 Engineers and their Ser- 

 vices 121-123 



Average cost per acre of 4-feet 

 Drainage 123 



POSTSCRIPT: Observation on 

 the action and effect of deep 

 Drains executed in the years 

 1846 to 1850 . . . 123-125 



Device for examining the 

 Working of Drains, and im- 

 portance of retaining a Plan 

 of the Drainage of every 

 Field 126 



Plates illustrative of Drained 

 Land 127,128 



Plate of Draining Tools . . 129 



3. ANCIENT AGRICULTURAL LITERATURE. 



British Writers on the sub- 

 jectAdam Dickson, C. W. 

 Hoskyns 134 



Grecian and Carthaginian 

 Agriculture Greek and 

 Punic Authors 140 



Standard points of a Cartha- 

 ginian Ox, as settled by 

 Mago, B.C. 600 144 



Roman Agricultural Writers 

 Cato, Varro, Virgil, Co- 

 lumella, Pliny, &c. . . . 144 



Agriculture not a progressive 

 Art during eight centuries . 147 



Roman systems of Farm oc- 

 cupation 149 



Farm Buildings and Land- 

 lord's Villa 154 



Division of Farm Labour; 

 Farm and Household Wa- 

 ges; Food, &c 156 



General opinion of Roman 

 agricultural Authorsagainst 

 the profitableness of High 

 Farming; meaning of the 

 term 157 



Management of Pastures and 

 Water Meadows . . . .158 



Management of arable Land, 

 and course of Cropping . .161 



Green Crops for Cattle . . .165 



Turnip Culture ; its estimation 167 



Roman opinions on the ex- 

 haustion and improvement 

 of Land by certain Crops . 167 



Various methods of reaping 

 and harvesting Grain . . 168 



Notice of Reaping Machines 

 used in Gaul, propelled by 

 Oxen 169. 198 



Threshing and Winnowing 

 Machines 170 



