DARWINISM. 37 



group of mammalia has descended from some common 

 ancestral form as we saw to be so completely demonstrated 

 in the case of the horse tribe and that each family, each 

 order, and even the whole class must similarly have descended 

 from some much more ancient and more generalized type, 

 it would be in the highest degree improbable so improbable 

 as to be almost inconceivable that man, agreeing with 

 them so closely in every detail of his structure, should have 

 had some quite distinct mode of origin." " As we seek in 

 vain, in our physical structure and the course of its develop- 

 ment, for any indication of an origin independent of the rest 

 of the animal world, we are compelled to reject the idea of 

 ' special creation ' for man, as being entirely unsupported by 

 facts as well as in the highest degree improbable." 



Facts, however, tend to show that, while man 

 has general points of affinity with the orang-utan 

 of Borneo and Sumatra, the chimpanzee and gorilla 

 of West Africa, and the long-armed apes of south- 

 eastern Asia, he has peculiarities which separate 

 him from all four, and suggest that he must have 

 diverged from the common stock before the 

 existing types of anthropoid apes diverged from 

 one another. But Mr. Wallace will not hold, with 

 Darwin, that man as a moral and intellectual 

 being has become what he is in the same way 

 and by the action of the same general laws which 

 account for his physical structure. Here, we are 

 told, natural selection alone fails to account for 

 the facts : 



" Because man's physical structure has been developed 

 from an animal form by natural selection, it does not 



