MENTAL EVOLUTION IN MAN. 57 



cheanism. If difference in kind means, what Mr. 

 Romanes wants to make it mean, difference of 

 origin, there is no such thing as difference of kind 

 either for idealist or realist, for Pantheist, Materi- 

 alist, or Christian, and Mr. Romanes has only given 

 the coup de grace to a moribund Deism. 



In doing this, however, in spite of his unfortunate 

 terminology and impossible metaphysic, he has 

 been led by experience back to Aristotle, whither 

 all biological studies ultimately tend. We have 

 already quoted one passage on the continuity of 

 evolution. We proceed to quote another on " the 

 genesis of conceptual ideation : "- 



"All animals have," says Aristotle, "a certain natural power 

 of discrimination which we call sense ; but in some animals 

 which are capable of sensation there is also the power of 

 retaining the sensation, while in others this power is wanting. 

 Those animals, then, which either wholly or in part are with- 

 out this power, can have no knowledge beyond mere sensa- 

 tion ; while those which have this power may retain the 

 sensation when it is no longer present. There are many 

 animals of this kind, and they are further distinguished by 

 the fact that in some of them out of this power of retaining 

 sensations comes reason, in others it does not. From sense, 

 then, comes memory, and from repeated memories experience 

 (for many memories make an experience) ; and from ex- 

 perience or from every universal which abides in the mind 

 the unity, that is, which is distinct from the many, and is yet 

 one and the same in them all comes the beginning of art or 

 science, according as it belongs to the practical or specula- 

 tive region." 



This is, of course, a well-known passage, but it 



