86 SSAYS SCIENTIFIC AND PHILOSOPHICAL. 



And this metaphysical protest was due to " the 

 irresistible pleading of the moral consciousness ; " 

 the secret misgivings which he had felt at either 

 " discarding or perverting the terms which con- 

 stitute the vocabulary of character l responsibility,' 

 ' guilt/ ' merit/ ' duty/ " resulting at last in the 

 surrender of determinism, and a revision of the 

 doctrine of causation. 



At this point Dr. Martineau turned once more 

 to the Greek philosophers, and, under the guidance 

 of a great Aristotelian, Professor Trendelenburg, 

 saw Aristotle in a new light. This experience, he 

 tells us, was essentially 



"The gift of fresh conceptions, the unsealing of hidden 

 openings of self-consciousness, with unmeasured corridors 

 and sacred halls behind ; and, once gained, was more or less 

 available throughout the history of philosophy, and lifted the 

 darkness from the pages of Kant and even Hegel. It was 

 impossible to resist or distrust this gradual widening of 

 apprehension ; it was as much a fact as the sight of Alps 

 I had never visited before." 



From this new and truer metaphysic the transition 

 to theology was natural. The particular averments 

 of the moral consciousness, which are the postulates 

 of an ethical treatise 



" Form the organic connection between ethics and religion, 

 and define the relations between the human and the divine ; 

 and so far as they can be lifted out of immediate know- 

 ledge and submitted to mediate tests of certainty, it can 

 only be by carrying them into the court of metaphysics, to 

 be tried among the questions of transcendent ontology." 



