90 SSAYS SCIENTIFIC AND PHILOSOPHICAL. 



Yet this English interpreter appears far away, in 

 a different branch of the division, among " psycho- 

 logical " moralists, presumably because he admitted, 

 what Comte denied, the possibility of an intro- 

 spective psychology. 



And this is typical of the way in which Dr. 

 Martineau illustrates his schema. Without actually 

 giving us a cross-division, he constantly makes us 

 feel that the distinguished parts in the division 

 are not co-ordinate, that in fact the classification 

 is not natural but artificial. This is very marked 

 when we come to the subdivision of metaphysical 

 theories into transcendental and immanent al. 

 According to the one view, the eternal ground 

 of all things is greater than those things of 

 which it is the ground ; according to the other, 

 it is convertible with them. Here, again, we 

 have an excellent distinction ; and no one can 

 for a moment hesitate as to the representatives of 

 these views in Greek thought. If Plato clearly 

 represents the one, Aristotle as clearly represents 

 the other. Dr. Martineau then gives us a full 

 and minute examination of Plato's system, and 

 we turn, full of hope (for Dr. Martineau is far 

 more of an Aristotelian than a Platonist) to see 

 what he will say about Aristotle, and we find 

 ourselves face to face with Descartes, Malebranche, 

 and Spinoza, the first two being introduced only 

 to explain the " immanental " doctrine of the third, 



