TYPES OF ETHICAL THEORY. 93 



But when we trace the parallel development of 

 Plato's doctrine and Aristotle's in the mediaeval 

 period, we find that it is Platonism which is always 

 running off into a mystical pantheism, and Aristo- 

 telianism which, in spite of its inherent weakness 

 on the side of personality, leaves it possible for 

 the Aristotelian to hold the Catholic faith. The 

 truth is that the "transcendency" of the Platonic 

 doctrine is more imaginary than real, and largely 

 due to an uncritical acceptance, by people gene- 

 rally, of Aristotle's criticism of the doctrine of ideas. 



We have said thus much in criticism of Dr. 

 Martineau's schematism of ethical theories, because 

 it seems to us the most artificial and unsatisfactory 

 part of a really valuable work. We are bound 

 to say that the artificiality is much less marked 

 in the second volume, which deals with "psycho- 

 logical " theories, and distinguishes them by the 

 uncouth words " idiopsychological " and " hetero- 

 psychological." Surely in these days of paternal 

 government, there ought to be a law to limit the 

 6vo/uaro7TO(fTf o-a^rjvEta? C'VEKEV. 



The first volume is occupied with a discussion 

 of the three typical forms of " unpsychological " 

 ethics Transcendental Metaphysics, represented 

 by Plato ; Immanental Metaphysics, by Spinoza ; 

 and Physics, by Comte. These studies, though 

 they go far beyond what is needed for the author's 

 purpose, are exceedingly interesting. That on 



