98 ESSAYS SCIENTIFIC AND PHILOSOPHICAL. 



The first half of Dr. Martineau's second volume 

 is devoted to the exposition of his own theory, 

 " idiopsychological " ethics as distinguished from 

 the three typical " heteropsychological " forms, the 

 Hedonist ethics of Utilitarianism, the " Dianoetic " 

 ethics of Cud worth and Clarke, and the "^Esthetic" 

 ethics of Hutcheson. These are introduced in a 

 very characteristic passage. " Idiopsychological " 

 ethics leaves us with an order of thinking and a 

 group of convictions distinct from any that can be 

 got from the natural sciences, 



" And philosophers do not like to be encumbered in their 

 survey of the world with bundles of first truths as numerous 

 as the elements of a lady's luggage : they cannot move freely 

 till their outfit will all go into a Gladstone bag. So they 

 try to find some one of their packages of thought capacious 

 or elastic enough to hold all that cannot be proved super- 

 fluous ; and as, in any case, room enough must be left for 

 the senses, which are solid affairs, it is usually the moral 

 sentiments that are apt to get squeezed, and to come out at 

 the end hardly recognizable." 



Hence right is dissolved in the pleasant or the 

 true or the beautiful. 



The criticism of these in the latter half of the 

 volume, especially the review of utilitarianism and 

 the ethics of evolution, is admirable. Nor does it 

 detract from its value that the criticism of utili- 

 tarianism by Dr. Martineau has much in common 

 with Professor Green's. If it is less searching, it 

 is more popular, and the points are made more 



