Ii8 JESS AYS SCIENTIFIC AND PHILOSOPHICAL. 



objective world implies a mind or consciousness 

 for which it now exists, and as that eternal con- 

 sciousness reproduces itself in us the world tends 

 to become for us also a system of related facts, 

 though there can never be for us that " wholeness " 

 which there must be for " the mind which renders 

 the world one." It has always seemed to us that 

 Bishop Berkeley, the best misunderstood of Eng- 

 lish philosophers, had a glimmering of this truth. 

 He never escaped from the terminology of Locke 

 nor overcame the confusion between sensation and 

 thought ; yet he seems to have seen that the 

 popular theory of ideas admitted of being turned 

 against its materialistic defenders. If a thing's 

 esse is its percipi, then, since the human mind 

 " exists not always," things must be either " no- 

 where when we perceive them not," or they must 

 be " ideas in the mind of God." Hume, of course, 

 sneers at the good Bishop's " lessons in scepticism," 

 yet in turning the prevailing philosophy of "ideas " 

 into an argument for the existence of God he 

 already foreshadowed the truth that reality implies 

 an eternal consciousness, and nature the existence 

 of a mind without which nature would not be. 



The consciousness which in knowledge asserts 

 its freedom by distinguishing itself from impres- 

 sions is seen in morality distinguishing itself from 

 mere wants and animal impulses to satisfy them. 

 For the animal system of man is organic not only 



