122 ESSAYS SCIENTIFIC AND PHILOSOPHICAL. 



resisted the temptation to exhibit an antago- 

 nist fairly " hoist with his own petard," when 

 a champion of association psychology is found 

 naively unconscious that "uniform conjunction in 

 experience " does not constitute identity. But Mr. 

 Green is only careful to disentangle the truth from 

 the error, and to show that what man seeks is 

 never merely pleasure, but the self-realization of 

 which pleasure is the invariable concomitant. 



Still, whether for the Utilitarian or the ideal 

 moralist, a criterion has to be established by which 

 to distinguish the good will from the bad. If the 

 end of human action is always pleasure, there must 

 be good pleasures and bad ; if the end of life is 

 self-realization, there must be a true and a false 

 way of attempting it. In the case of the 

 voluptuary and the saint, either the pleasures 

 they seek are different in kind or they seek self- 

 satisfaction in different ways. 



The Utilitarian of to-day, with a noble disregard 

 of his principles, asserts that pleasures differ in 

 kind, and Mr. Mill appeals to this difference as 

 an unquestionable "fact." 1 When, however, we 

 look closer into the matter we find that on strictly 

 Utilitarian grounds one pleasure is intrinsically 

 better than another only because it is a greater 

 pleasure on the whole. This is by no means 

 enough for Mr. Mill, and, therefore, he bases the 



1 Utilitarianism, pp. 12, 13. 



