130 ESSAYS SCIENTIFIC AND PHILOSOPHICAL. 



and perhaps necessary for popular practical effect 

 in the Christian Church." No doubt the Aristote- 

 lian formula rou /caXou eWa implied disinterested 

 interest in an ideal. In Christianity this is replaced 

 by the disinterested love of God for what He is, 

 and the love of men as made in His image. A 

 few pages later (p. 280), Professor Green admits 

 that "the fact that Christian preachers have not 

 been ashamed to dwell upon such compensation 

 ought not to be taken to imply that the heroism of 

 charity exhibited in the Christian Church has really 

 been vitiated by pleasure-seeking motives : " but 

 the fact is nevertheless appealed to in order to 

 emphasize the contrast between the teaching of 

 Aristotle and the Christian preacher. And yet 

 Aristotle, who. was certainly not hampered by the 

 necessity of " popular practical effect," allows and 

 authorizes the appeal to " semi-sensual " motives in 

 the case of all except a very few : 



" For the mass of men," he tells us, " are governed by moral 

 compulsion rather than reason, and penalties rather than an 

 ideal. And so some people hold that though it is the duty 

 of lawgivers to exhort men to virtue and to stimulate them 

 TOU KO.\OV x<*P LJ/ ) in the belief that those whose character has 

 been properly trained will listen to them, yet for the dis- 

 obedient and less noble natures they must apply correction 

 and punishment, while the morally incurable they must 

 banish altogether." 1 



If it be answered that he whose life was "steered 



1 Ethics, X. ix. 10. 



