n6 JSSSAYS SCIENTIFIC AND PHILOSOPHICAL. 



attempted division of territory ; he separates the 

 moral and the physical, the sphere of liberty 

 and the sphere of freedom. 



The difficulties of the Kantian view are threefold. 



(a) It involves a hopeless dualism between man 

 and nature, and between the free and the necessary 

 in man. 



(/3) All our knowledge of nature and man tends 

 to bring them together. 



(y) Freedom comes to mean "unmotived volition," 

 mere indeterminateness, which is morally as worth- 

 less as a determined will. 



Men ask Does the Will mean the balance of 

 motives, or has it a casting vote ? 



Answer. Neither one nor the other. 



They talk of the freedom of the will as something 

 innate instead of a thing to be won. 1 



Psychology of the Will. 



What is the Will ? The animal system in man 

 is organic to the satisfaction of wants w\& impulses: 

 the feeling of want leads to " desire " for a wanted 

 object. 2 4< The essential ingredient of desire is the 



1 Cf. Noah Porter, pp. 79, 80. What the Will is not. It is not 

 (a) power to carry out volition ; not (0) power to choose without 

 motive, etc. 



Janet, Theory of Morals, p. 372, distinguishes between (a) 

 External determinism tacts done 01%). (j8) Internal determinism 

 (acts done from Qv^s and &ri0w/*fo). (7) Rational determinism or 

 liberty, which is "the power of acting according to conceptions 

 or ideas." 



2 Green, Prolegomena to Ethics, p. 92. 



