ISO ESSAYS SCIENTIFIC AND PHILOSOPHICAL. 



OVK s$r)[Jiiovpyr]Bri tl jur) Stct ro wov, TO St a>ov OVK 

 t$r]iuiiovpyr)0ri $ia TO <J>VTOV (llfjOi ^urwv I. ii. p. 8l7 b 

 25-40), and as the whole vegetable and animal 

 kingdom was made for man, OIIJTCOV ra re (frvra rwv 

 ZMWV f'vticev elvat Kai raXXa <J>a rwv dvOpwTrwv \apiv 

 (Pol., I. I256 b 1 6), ava-yKatov rwv avOpwirwv y*cv 

 aura Travra TTfTrotrjiccvat rrjv tyvaiv (ibid., b 22), SO in 

 man the lower exists for the higher. 



The first thing, then, is to secure the subordina- 

 tion of the animal nature to the rational with a 

 view to tvSaifjiovia, which is defined as the realized 

 consciousness of living the most excellent life in 

 the most favourable circumstances, yfvxns tvepyda 

 KCIT aptTYjv apiarriv ev j3to> reAe/<j>. 



Excellence, ap*Tri,is physical, moral, or intellectual, 

 but physical excellence is clearly subordinate and 

 exists for the higher and more distinctively human 

 excellences. As Plato put it, and Aristotle says 

 much the same, yu^vaortK^, which is the counterpart 

 of jmovGiKT), is subordinate because it does for the 

 body what juouoWj does for the soul, and the per- 

 fection of the soul is that for which both exist. 



A well developed and well trained physique is 

 a condition of perfect ^ai/uovia. He who is mis- 

 shapen or hideous may as little aspire to evSaijULovia 

 as a slave may. ['Of iravv yap fv^at/uoviKO^ o r/jv 

 l$eav iravaiaxriz rj Svayevrjc; r} /*ovwrrj KOI CITEKVOQ 

 (Eth., I. viii. 1 6) ; tvSat/uioviaQ $' ouac avSpcnroSy 

 v, /ur) KCU fitov (ibid., X. vi. 8).] Here 



