GREEK AND CHINESE THOUGHT. 185 



than the harmony which is seen." l For they live 

 in the external, the commonplace, the relative, and 

 never rise above the life of the senses. " The sow 

 loves the mire." 2 " The ass prefers fodder to 

 gold." 3 And men love their " private conceits " 

 instead of clinging to the universal reason which 

 orders all things, 4 and which even the sun 

 obeys." 5 



Of the fragments which remain to us of Hera- 

 cleitus, the greater number belong to the region 

 of logic and metaphysics, while Chuang-Tzu, in 

 his opposition to Confucianism, devotes much 

 space to the more practical side of the question. 

 He not only ridicules those who trust their senses, 

 or measure by utilitarian standards, or judge by 

 the outward appearance ; he teaches them how 

 to pass from the seeming to the true. The won- 

 derful carver, who could cut where the natural 

 joints are, 6 is one who sees not with the eye of 

 sense, but with his mind. When he is in doubt 

 he " falls back upon eternal principles ; " for he is 

 " devoted to TAO " (chap. iii.). There is some- 

 thing of humour, as well as much of truth, in the 

 rebuke which Confucius, speaking pro hac vice as 

 a disciple of Lao-Tzu, administers to his self- 



1 Heracl. Eph. Rell., xlvii. 2 Ibid., liv., and notes. 



* Ibid., li. * Ibid., xci., xix. 5 Ibid., xxix. 



6 Cf. Plat. Phaedr., 265, /car' &p6pa $ irefyvKfv Kal ^ 

 K.a.Tayvvva.1 p.4pos ^TjSec KO.KOV jtayeipov rpdircp xp(t>/j.*vos. 



