192 ESSAYS SCIENTIFIC AND PHILOSOPHICAL. 



must be higher than anything which has man for 

 its object. Some of Chuang-Tzn's utterances go 

 much further than this, and indeed justify the 

 charge of antinomianism so often brought against 

 mystics. The statement that "good and evil are 

 the same," may embody a deep truth for the sage, 

 but " take no heed of time, nor of right and wrong " 

 (p. 31), is, to say the least, dangerous teaching for 

 the masses. Elsewhere, however, Chuang-Tzu 

 recognizes morality, but of course subordinates it 

 to metaphysics. "What," he asks, "is Tao? 

 There is the Tao of God and the Tao of man. In- 

 action and compliance (? self-surrender) make the 

 Tao of God ; and action and entanglement the 

 Tao of man. The Tao of God is fundamental 

 (essential ?) ; the Tao of man is accidental. Great 

 is the difference which separates them" (p. 134). 

 " Sovereignty begins in Virtue and ends in God. 

 Therefore it is divine" (p. 135). Thus virtue is the 

 connecting link between God and man, while Tao 

 spreads throughout all creation (p. 136). It is some- 

 thing higher than Charity, for it leads on to In- 

 action. " Charity and duty to one's neighbour are 

 as resting-places established by wise rulers of old. 

 You may stop there one night, but not for long. 

 The perfect men of old took their road through 

 charity, stopping a night with duty to their neigh- 

 bour, on their way to ramble in transcendental 

 space" (p. 183). The destruction of selfishness is 



