CUP FUNGI 217 
oogone a slender branch grows out, and becomes the 
antherid, which soon comes into contact with the tricho- 
gyne. Fertilization is effected by the passage of the 
nuclei from the antherid into the trichogyne and from 
thence into the oogone. As a result numerous branches 
start out from the oogone, 
forming the  ascogenous 
hyphae. At the same time 
their arise numerous sterile 
hyphae, from the tissues 
beneath the oogone, and 
these grow upward inter- 
mingling with the ascogenous hyphae, forming a dense 
felted mass, which gradually takes on the size and form 
of the spore fruit. The upper ends of the ascogenous 
hyphae become enlarged into asci in which spores 
are developed, while the sterile hyphae make up the 
remainder of the apothecium, some of them standing 
among the asci as the so-called paraphyses. The asci 
and paraphyses all reach the same height, and make up 
the inner surface of the cup (the ““‘hymenium”’). Upon 
escaping from the asci, the spores germinate and produce 
the filamentous plants. 
Fig. 98.—Peziza, and Pyronema. 
Tue Morets (ORDER HELVELLALES) 
349. Morels are related to the Cup- 
fungi, and like them are filamentous sapro- 
phytes living in the ground. The conical 
fruit is stalked, and its upper surface is 
studded with hymenial areas in which are 
Fra. 99. asci and paraphyses similar to those of 
Morchella- the preceding order. A common species 
is Morchella esculenta, in which the whitish fruit is 
