302 PHYLUM XIV. ANTHOPHYTA 
bearing on its margin the perianth and stamens, subtending 
or surrounding the carpels . .“Cup Flowers’ (Canycrrioras). 
Axis FLoweErs! 
549. The Buttercup (Ranunculus) described above is 
one of the simplest of the Axis Flowers, in which the © 
flower axis is nearly spherical. 
550. The Magnolia flower (Magnolia) is much like a 
gigantic Buttercup, the axis being more elongated, but 
with essentially the same structural plan. This flower 
also has many separate carpels. 
551. The common Mallow (Malva) has many carpels 
in a single whorl, whose adjacent sides feebly cohere 
to form a compound pistil The many 
stamens also cohere below into a tube, but 
above they are separate and spreading. 
The perianth whorls are dissimilar, the 
GD ® outer being green and coarser, and the 
Sinner white or bluish, and of soft texture. 
oi Sag All these flower parts are borne on the 
~ small, conical axis. 
552. The Wild Geranium (Geranium) has an elongated 
axis on the sides of which is borne the whorl of five 
feebly adherent carpels. The stamens are similarly 
reduced in number (two whorls of 5 each) and the per- 
ianth consists of dissimilar whorls, the outer of green 
sepals, and the inner of pink or purplish petals. 
553. In the Violet (Viola) the axis is very short and 
bears on its summit the tricarpellary pistil. The 
carpels are united by their margins, making but one 
1 For the more systematic arrangement of the plants in this and 
the following sub-class the reader is referred to the outline of the 
Plant Phyla in Chapter XXII, where the orders and families are 
given in what is believed to be their proper sequence. 
