CUP FLOWERS 311 
pistillate flower in each scaly cup-like involucre consists of 
a tricarpellary pistil, wholly covered by a thin cup 
bearing on its margin the very minute perianth (calyx). 
The fruit is a thin, tough-shelled nut (‘‘acorn’’) usually 
with but one large seed. ‘The ripe acorn rests in the 
enlarged scaly involucre, now known as the acorn cup. 
V(t 
SW 
Fie. 190.—Quercus. Fig. 191.—Pastinaca. 
573. In the Parsnip (Pastinaca) the small’ flowers are 
clustered at the ends of slender spreading rays (in an 
umbel). The bicarpellary pistil is covered with the thin 
cup, on the margin of which are the five very minute 
sepals, the five yellow petals, and the five elongated 
stamens. Each carpel cavity contains a single pendulous 
ovule. In ripening the bicarpellary ovary becomes much 
flattened (dorsally) so that each carpel becomes winged 
marginally, and later the two carpels split apart. 
574. The flower of the Honeysuckle (Lonicera) has its 
bi- or tricarpellary pistil covered with the 
deep cup, as in the preceding plants. The 
five sepals on the cup margin are very small, @ 
and the five petals are united into a tube 
which widens upward to its irregular mar- 
gin. The five stamens are attached to the 
inside of the corolla tube. On ripening, ae 
the cup and enclosed ovary develop into a _Lonicera. 
fleshy few-seeded berry. 
575. In the Sunflower (Helianthus) which is one of 
the lowest members of the highest order (Asterales) of 
