342 THE PLANT PHYLA 
Family 41. Pyronemataceae. Fleshy, open from the 
first.—Pyronema. 
Family 42. Pezizaceae. Fleshy, first spherical, later 
open.—Lachnea, Peziza. 
Family 438. Ascobolaceae. Fleshy, first spherical, 
later open.—Ascobolus. 
Family 44. Helotiaceae. Fleshy, mostly open from 
the first.—Sclerotinia, Dasyscypha, 
Helotium. 
Family 45. Mollisiaceae; 46, Celidiaceae; 47, Patel- 
lariaceae; 48, Cenangiaceae; 49, Cor- 
dieritidaceae; 50, Cyttariaceae. 
Order HELVELLALES. Helvellas. Common fungi; apo- 
thecia open from the first; fleshy or 
gelatinous. 
Family 51. Rhizinaceae. Sessile-—Rhizina. 
Family 52. Geoglossaceae. Stalked, capitate.—Mi- 
trula, Geoglossum. 
Family 53. Helvellaceae. Stalked, capitate.—Mor- 
chella, Verpa, Helvella. 
Order GrapuHipaLes. Slit Lichens. Lichen-forming 
fungi, allied to the preceding families. 
Family 54. Arthoniaceae. Crustaceous, with Pal- 
mella, Trentepohlia, or Phyllactidium 
hosts.—Arthonia, Arthothelium. 
Family 55. Graphidaceae. Crustaceous, with Pal- 
mella or Trentepohlia hosts.—Ope- 
grapha, Graphis, Graphina. 
Family 56. Chiodectonaceae; 57, Dirinaceae. 
Family 58. Roccellaceae. Fruticose, erect, with Tren- 
tepohlia hosts.—Roccella. 
Order PyRENOLICHENES. Closed Lichens. Lichen-form- 
ing fungi, allied to the preceding 
families. 
Family 59. Moriolaceae. Crustaceous, with Cysto- 
coccus hosts.—Moriola. 
Family 60. Epigloeaceae. Gelatinous, with Pal- 
mella hosts.—Epigloea. 
Family 61. Verrucariaceae. Crustaceous with Prot- 
ococcus or Palmella hosts.—Verru- 
caria, Thelidium. 
