CARPOMYCETEAE 345 
Family 110. Sclerodermataceae. Spore-fruits round, 
; often stalked.—Scleroderma. 
Family 111. Podaxaceae. Spore-fruit pyriform or 
clavate, stalked.—Secotium, Podaxon. 
Order LycoperDALES.  Puff-balls. Spore-fruits large, 
fleshy, at first subterranean, later 
emerging—Saprophytes. 
Family 112. Lycoperdaceae. Sessile or short-stalked. 
—Lycoperdon, Bovista, Geaster. 
Family 113. Tylostomataceae. Long-stalked.—Tylo- 
stoma, Battarea. 
Order NupuLarIALes. Bird-nest Fungi. Spore-fruits 
small, spherical or top-shaped, leath- 
ery, containing one or more peridioles. 
Saprophytes. 
Family 114. Nidulariaceae. With several peridioles. 
—Nidularia, Crucibulum, Cyathus. 
Family 115. Sphaerobolaceae. With but one peridiole. 
—Sphaerobolus. 
Order PHaAuuALes. Stink-Horns. Spore-fruits large, 
fleshy, at first tuberous and subter- 
ranean, later stalked and emerging. 
Saprophytes. 
Family 116. Phallaceae. Stalk cylindrical, capped 
with spore-mass.—Mutinus, Ithyphal- 
lus, Dictyophora. 
Family 117. Clathraceae. Stalk ovoid and reticu- 
lated, or branched.—Simblum, Clath- 
rus, Aseroe. 
Order AGaRIcALES. Toadstool Fungi. Spore-fruits large, 
umbrella-shaped, bracket-shaped or 
variously branched; hymenium even- 
tually external.—Saprophytes and 
parasites. 
Family 118. Agaricaceae. Agarics or Toadstools; 
typically umbrella- shaped, usually 
fleshy; hymenium on gills.—Cop- 
rinus, Russula, Psalliota, Agaricus, 
Amanita. 
Family 119. Polyporaceae. Polypores: from umbrel- 
la-shaped to bracket-shaped, fleshy to 
