356 THE PLANT PHYLA 
and small mostly persistent leaves; 
sporophylls mostly in cones. 
Order ConirerRALES. Microsporophylls and megasporo- 
phylls in cones. 
Family 1. Taxodiaceae. Taxodiums. Microsporo- 
phyll with 2 to 8 sporangia; mega- 
sporophyll woody, with 2 to several 
erect or inverted seeds; ‘‘seed-scale”’ 
wanting.—Taxodium, Sequoia. 
Family 2. Araucariaceae. Old Pines. Microsporo- 
phyll with 5 to 15 sporangia; mega- 
sporophyll woody, with 1 inverted 
seed; ‘‘seed-scale” rudimentary.— 
Araucaria. 
Family 3. Abietaceae. Modern Pines. Microsporo- 
phyll with 2 sporangia; megasporo- 
phyll woody, with 2 inverted seeds; 
“‘seed-scale” prominent.— Pinus, 
Larix, Picea, Abies. 
Family 4. Cupressaceae. Cypresses. Microsporo- 
phyll with 4 to 8 sporangia; mega- 
sporophyll woody, with 1 to many ° 
seeds; no ‘‘seed-scale.’”,—Cupressus, 
Chamaecyparis. 
Family 5. Thuyopsidaceae. Thuyas. Microsporo- 
phyll with 3 to 5 sporangia; mega- 
sporophyll woody, with 1 to many 
seeds.—Thuya, Libocedrus. 
Family 6. Juniperaceae. Junipers. Microsporo- 
phyll with 4 to 8 sporangia; mega- 
sporophyll fleshy, with 1 to 2 seeds.— 
Juniperus. 
Order TaxaLes. Microsporophylls in cones, megasporo- 
phylls in very small cones or solitary. 
Family 7. Podocarpaceae. Microsporophyll with 
2 sporangia; megasporophylls in very 
small cones or solitary; seed 1, in- 
verted.—Podocarpus. 
Family 8. Phyllocladaceae. Microsporophyll with 
2 sporangia; megasporophylls soli_ 
tary; seed 1, erect.—Phyllocladus. 
