68 TRANSVERSE TESTS. 



So much for tension. When testing in this way the- 

 pull from the lever comes through A, and the pull is 

 against the unyielding crosshead C. Precisely the same 

 ,two parts are used in compression testing, but in rather a 

 'different manner. In the diagram, S represents a com- 

 pression specimen which is to be tested. Its lower end 

 rests upon a plate B ; this plate is hung directly from A 

 by four round bars, two of which L, L, can be seen. The 

 upper end of the compression specimen rests against the 

 unaer part of the crosshead C. So that when a load is 

 applied, it is transmitted through the shackle A and the 

 bars L, L, to the lower plate B, which pulls the lower end 

 of the specimen S upwards, and the specimen is caused to- 

 press against the crosshead G. As the load increases and 

 the specimen contracts in length, the crosshead C is moved 

 downwards by the ram and in this way the strain taken 

 up. As in the case of tension testing, specimens of varying 

 lengths can be accommodated by altering the position of 

 the crosshead by means of the screws D, D. 



35. Transverse Tests. Fig. 26, which is taken from a, 

 photograph of a 5-ton machine by Messrs. Buckton, shows 

 very clearly the arrangement which has just been described. 

 Here, the lower plate B (Fig. 25) is elongated so as to form 

 a support which is used to carry bending specimens. 



When a bending test is to be performed the beam to be 

 tested is placed upon two brackets, one at each end of 

 the above-mentioned support. These two brackets carry 

 semi-circular steel plates, upon which rest the ends of the 

 beam to be tested. These plates can rotate to a small 

 degree in their bearings, and accommodate themselves, 

 to the lower surface of the beam, which becomes inclined 

 as the beam bends under the load. 



The load is applied by the pressure of the beam against a 

 dull knife edge attached below the upper crosshead. Here 

 the usual order of things is reversed, and instead of the 

 load being brought down on the centre of the beam as it 

 rests upon fixed supports, the central knife edge is fixed, 

 and the beam is pulled up against it by the lever. As 

 the beam deflects tne strain is taken up by the lowering of 

 the crosshead, and the load is measured as before. 



The same means as are adopted in this 5-ton machine 

 for transverse tests are employed in the larger machines ; 

 in fact this machine embodies all the essential features of 

 the larger single-lever machines, and only differs from them 

 in that it is smaller, and has a correspondingly reduced 



