P UNISHMENT. 1 27 



these difficulties, they are much less efficient than a whip 

 in the hand of a " workman." 



Efifect of PunistLment on Horses. — Without wishine 

 to be " hard " on a very meritorious class of men, I must 

 say that a large number of horses are annually ruined 

 for life by needless punishment. Jockeys are apt to 

 attach too much weight to the opinion of the public, and 

 consequently often " ride a horse out " rather than ease 

 him, when pursuit is hopeless. 



Though the view backers take of " cutting a horse to 

 pieces " is very different to the one held by a humane 

 owner, still it is a difficult point to decide whether a 

 jockey is always justified in punishing a horse to the 

 utmost of his power, if he thinks that by so doing he 

 has any chance of winning. If he knows that he has no 

 chance, and persists in using whip and spur, he ought 

 never to get another mount. Regarding the matter as an 

 owner and racing man, I hold that a jockey should not 

 " knock about " a young promising horse or valuable old 

 one, for an unimportant event, on a mere off chance of 

 winning. He should be most particular not to " squeeze " 

 one which has any suspicion of jadiness. Though it is too 

 much to expect that a jockey should take a sentimental 

 view of punishment, still he ought to regard the interests 



