BRIDLES AND SADDLES. 



the upper arms of the cheeks of the bit will, then, be 



almost entirely arrested. 



Pelhams maybe used with " stargazers," or with horses 



which throw their heads up, supposing that, for fashion's 



sake, a curb of some sort must be employed in preference 



to a snaffle. 



The Chifney bit. — The celebrated Sam Chifney, who 



fell into disgrace with the racing public, on account of 



Fig. 29. 



having been suspected of intentionally losing a race 

 at Newmarket on the 20th October, 1791, when riding 

 the then Prince of Wales's horse, Escape, invented this 

 form of curb (Fig. 29), in which the objectionable down- 

 ward pull on the headstall is entirely dispensed with, for 

 its headstall is attached to short arms, that revolve on 



