220 BRIDLES AND SADDLES. 



relieves the rider's hands and arms of a great deal of 

 disagreeable exertion. 



For park or ladies' hacks, this martingale may be 

 employed to keep their heads down, so that they may 

 not soil their riders' clothes with foam. 



Saddles. — The names of the different parts of a saddle 

 are as follows : — 



The part which goes over the withers is called the 

 pommel or Jiead, while the hind part of the saddle is 

 termed the cantle. The seat is that portion of the saddle 

 on which the rider sits. The tree comprises the wood 

 and iron framework. The gnllet plate is the iron arch 

 under the pommel. The points of the tree are the wooden 

 continuations of the gullet plate. The baj^s of the tree are 

 the narrow front portions of the wooden sidepieces of 

 the tree, while the bellies of the tree are the broad boards 

 on which the rider sits. The pannel is the lining which 

 lies between the tree and the horse's back. The point 

 pockets are the small pockets in which the ends of the 

 points of the tree rest. The spring bars allow the stirrup 

 leathers to be attached to, or detached from, the saddle. 

 The knee pads, or rolls, are placed on the flaps to help to 

 prevent the rider's knees going forward. The skirts are 

 the small flaps that cover the bars on which the stirrup 



