27 



soiitli, and tlio Ely mines are in a breakotf from this range. To the sontli, and loUowing this 

 trend, no gold or silver mines are known between tbe above point and the Colorado. Copper shows 

 itself at one or two points. 



Those mines, inelnding the Sacramento, Snake, Shoshone, and Silver Park Districts, that com 

 mence in the Snake range, and follow down along the Fortification Hills, seem to be a short, detached 

 belt, not so far ext(>nded as the others. Above the Nevada, and on the Sehell Creek range, some 

 mineral-districts have been found, but few developments are yet known. 



It is more than probable that if the general view of the topography north of the railroad is dis 

 cussed, these same belts, or a i>art of them, will be found to extend far to the northward, follnwing 

 the general structure and trend of the noticeable eliains of mountains; while below the Colorado, 

 as soon as better topography is obtained, no doubt their existence ami continuation can be traced. 

 A number of prospectors have at one time and another run over these mountains, only the 

 more energetic of them striking into the rougher parts, where lies the exposure of the mineral. 

 For a long time to come new discoveries will be made, all tending to give a more definite char- 

 acter and continuity of (lirection to the mineral belts described. 



IISDIANS. 



The various tribes that were encountered are as follows: SIioshoues,Gosiutes, Snakes, Pahvants, 

 Utes, and Pah-Utes. For their numbers and general information acquired, I am indebted to the 

 guide and interpi'cter. 



Tlie Slioshones are rpiite numerous, extending over a large section of country to the .south of 

 the Humboldt as far east as the mcriilian of mountains to cast of Kuby Valley, and as far south 

 as 37 degrees 30 minutes of latitude. Small parties of them were seen at Halleck, Elko, l!ul)y 

 Valley, and White Pine. 



The Gosiutes are farther to the eastward and northeast, and extend as far south as the 3Sth 

 parallel. 



Again, to the east are the Snakes, closely analogous in disposition, and occupying a narrow 

 longitiulinal slii). 



The Pahvants are found only after the Utah line is passed, and most of them are to the east 

 and southeast of Preuss Lake — our farthest .station in that direction. 



The Indians between Snake and :\leadow Valleys are an intermingling of Snakes, or Utes 

 proper, and Pah-Utes, possessing no peculiarities of either, except the treachery of both to a height- 

 ened degree. 



On our return trip, the Shoshones weie met again in the vicinity of Tim-Pah-Ute Mountains. 



The number of Indians actually seen or accounted for, after leaving White Pine, was a little 

 less than I.',."'*'*'- 'i''*^ l»>lk of these were not included in the treaty made by Governor Nye in 1S(J3 

 in K'uby Valley, and have never received any presents. I believe that the greater share of them 

 could be, to a certain extent, domesticated npon one reservation, if projierly controlled. In their 

 present state, si)eaking of those below the o8th degree of latitude, the springing up of an intelligent 

 and warlike chief would band them together, and for a time, if there was no military interference, 

 the lives and ])roperties of the settlers would be in danger. 



ELEVATIONS A^U PROFILE LINE. 



The highest ranges of mountains encountered were the Humboldt and Spring Mountain ranges 

 — some of the peaks of the former approaching 13,000, while one of the latter nearly reaches 12,000 

 feet. Very few of the other noticeable ranges have peaks that show an elevation beyond 8,.">00 

 feet; yet the marked force of the upheaval is as plainly seen, while the accumulation of power at 

 particular points is wanting. The foot-hills on either side show a marked ditterence, tho.se of the 

 western slope having greater horizontal extension, lesser grades, more grass, wood, and timber. 

 This is due to the tilting of the strata, that, inclining to the westward, present the upturned edges 

 of the rock to the denuding force. The eastern slopes, on the other hand, arc sharp and abrupt, 

 showing sandy washes and rough canons, generally devoid of foliage and vegetation. 



The raUcij elevation of the Humboldt near Elko is about 5,100 feet. This increases going 



