36 



THE SHOSHONES. 



This tribe has rang:ecl alonn; the Huiuboklt for years, branching out here and there to the south 

 and east, and at other points to the north and west, but looking to the valley of the Humboldt as 

 their base. They are quite numerous, and consist of as many as 5,000, all told. Their headquar- 

 ters is near Winnemucca, named after their old chief, still living. But few of these fellows were 

 seen. Their habits alid appearance are well known, as they can be noticed at any station along 

 the railroad, from Humboldt Wells to Wadsworth. They extend as far to the south as Tim-pah- 

 ute Mountain, and to the east as Ruby Valley. A party of some two hundred Indians, under the 

 leadershii) of a chief named Blackhawk, were tilling the land in Snake Valley, and professed to be 

 Snakes or Shoshones ; wished to be peaceable, and to receive agricultural implements. The chief, 

 thinking lie might effect something of this sort, returned with our party to the camp in Cave Val- 

 ley, and then went into Hamilton to see the superintendent of Indian affairs. 



GOSIUTES. 



This is not a numerous tribe, consisting of not more than 400, with headquarters at Deep 

 Creek. They range no farther to the south than 38° latitude, nor to the east thaii Sevier Lake 

 Desert, contining themselves mainly to the mountains bordering o i Spring, Steptoe, Sierra, and 

 Gosiute Valleys. They differ in no material way from the Shoshones, the language being similar, 

 and habits and dispositions the same, always having lived at peace with each other. 



Our tirst guide, Pogo, was a young buck taken from this tribe, who accompanied us as far as 

 Patterson District. He was lazy and good-natured, possessed of more than ordinary Indiau intelli- 

 gence, and perfectly happy while with us, since he ^\as all the time well supplied with provisions. 



The Indian names of the different peaks, ranges, and natural objects have been changed when 

 possible to their English signification, since few of the former possess a claim even to euphony. 



Big Horse is the name of the chief of the Gosiutes, and he, with quite a baud, was at Deep 

 Creek, to the north of the Snake range, and above our line of travel. Freshly deserted Indian 

 camps showed that they had fled at our approach, and we were told by white settlers that they 

 held the soldiers in the greatest awe and reverence. 



THE PAHVANTS 



are quite a numerous tribe, living entirely in Utah, and to the south and east of the Sevier 

 Lake Desert. Cutting across the Mormon settlements, in a northeasterly direction, we did not 

 come immediately in contact with any of their wick-e-ups, but our guide, Adabe, who went with us 

 from Cave Valley to Preuss Valley and return, sighted the smoke of some of their camps, and paid 

 them a visit on our behalf. They did not seem desirous of a close acquaintance with the soldiers. 

 Their chief, Blackhawk, is a shrewd and warlike old fellow, and when the Mormons will not give 

 him and his band all the meat that they wish, he immediately retires to the hills, declares war, 

 and levies contributions. I am told that in physical structure they are superior to most of the 

 Indians of the great interior basin, approaching the athletic qualities of the Mojaves. It is likely 

 that this Statement should be taken with some caution. 



Their language is not understood bj-, either the Snakes, Shoshones, or Gosiutes, the latter 

 supposed to be branches of the great Snake tribe. t 



UTES OR PIEDES. 



The [Jtes, Utahs, or Piedes, as they have sometimes been called, are a roving, treacherous 

 Indian. They are found from Pahranagat Valley to the mouth of the Virgin River as the 

 most westerly line of their country, extending to the north and east along the different lines of 

 Mormon settlements as high up as 38° north latitude, thence stretching out to the eastward as far 

 as the Grand River, and bounded on the south and east by the Colorado proper. 



Their number, all told, is variously estimated from three to five thousand; some six or seven 

 hundred were found along our route. 



