AGRreULTURAL ESSAIS. 



among modern agriculturalists, both in Europe and the United 

 ►States, that the productive capital of our country may be in- 

 creased by increasing both the quality and fertility of lands 

 suitable for annua] tillage, by substituting a rotation of crops, 

 tor summer fallow, whenever circumstances will admit of it. 



U is very evident that old grass, when broken up, cannot be 

 Hufiiciently subdued, for a culmiferous crop, either of summer or 

 winter gram, unless ploughed the autumn preceding seed time ; 

 and if broken up in autumn, it may be prepared for a summer 

 crop, which if properly managed, will make to the cultivator a 

 saving of one year's rent.'* 



When lands are stocked with clover, or any other artificial 

 grass, which is in such a state of vegetation that it may be 

 supposed to fertilize the soil, so that the crop of grass it may 

 produce, together with the increased fertility of the soil, will 

 more than compensate for the advantages to be derived from a 

 summer tillage crop, it may be best to let it remain, till the 

 crop of grass is off, und then after turning it over with the 

 plough, sow on the furrows winter grain, after first drawing a 

 bush, or very light harrow, so as not to uncover the sward, and 

 then cover the seed in the same manner. But still it is believ- 

 ed that on such lands, if the farmer can dispense with the crop 

 of hay, the soil may be better prepared for winter grain by 

 swne leguminous crop. A tillage summer crop will more 

 effectually pulverize the soil, than can be effected by the usual 

 BU'mmer fallow. 



SoiLiivc, ITS Origin attd Advantages. 



The feeding of cattle,t in stalls or other suitable places, du- 

 ring the growing season, with grass cut and carried to them, 

 is a practice denominated soiling of cattle; and prevails exten- 

 sively in Great Britain and some parts of the United States. 



This practice, like many others, which have led to important 



* See Essay on Wheat. 



t In r.gricultnral science, the e:eneral name of cattle is given to 

 all tame animals which ar^ f-V? in pastures, and the term neat 

 fettle, is used to distinguish the low kind from other?. 



